| OS | Osteosarcoma |
| MSTS | Musculoskeletal tumors |
| AJCC | American Joint Committee on Cancer |
| EFS | Event-free survival |
| NK | Natural killer cell |
| NKT | Natural killer T cell |
| COG | Children’s Oncology Group |
| PI3K | Phosphoinositide-3 kinase |
| PIK3CA | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| IGF | Insulin-like growth factor |
| IGF-1R | Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
| VEGFA | Vascular endothelial growth factor A |
| KDR | Kinase insert domain receptor |
| PDGF | Platelet-derived growth factor |
| PDGFR | Platelet-derived growth factor receptor |
| DDR | DNA damage response |
| KIT | KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase |
| MYC | Avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog |
| CDK | Cyclin-dependent kinase |
| CCNE1 | Cyclin E1 |
| CCND2 | Recombinant human cyclin-D2 |
| PTEN | Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten |
| ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
| PARP | Poly ADP-ribose polymerase |
| TP53 | Tumor protein p53 |
| RB1 | Retinoblastoma1 |
| PDX | Patient-derived xenograft |
| PDOX | Patient-derived orthotopic xenograft |
| ADR | Adriamycin |
| SCID | Server combined immune-deficiency |
| MEK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| GPNMB | Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B |
| CAR-T | Chimeric antigen receptor T |
| HER2 | Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 |
| BsAb | Bispecific antibody |