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. 2022 Oct 22;14(21):4443. doi: 10.3390/nu14214443

Table 1.

Socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and nutrients (n = 459).

Characteristics SBP Control
x¯ ± s/M (P25,P75)/n(%)
DBP Control
x¯ ± s/M (P25,P75)/n(%)
Poor (n = 187) t/χ 2 /z p Poor (n = 179) t/χ 2 /z p
Demographic Information
Age (year) 50.09 ± 13.90 1.712 a 0.088 46.15 ± 11.56 7.393 a <0.001 ***
Sex Male 115 (61.5) 0.210 b 0.647 124 (69.3) 5.350 b 0.021 *
Marital status Single 1 (0.5) 11.327 c 0.001 ** 5 (2.8) 1.221 c 0.625
Married 185 (98.9) 173 (96.6)
Others 1 (0.5) 1 (0.6)
Education degree High school and above 109 (58.3) 1.859 b 0.173 121 (67.6) 20.402 b <0.001 ***
Occupational status On the job 121 (64.7) 1.922 c 0.393 143 (79.9) 40.333 c <0.001 ***
Retired 62 (33.2) 34 (19.0)
No job 4 (2.1) 2 (1.1)
Medical payment method Medical Insurance 12 (6.4) 1.097 b 0.578 11 (6.1) 2.135 b 0.344
Agricultural insurance 14 (7.5) 11 (6.1)
Self-paying 161 (86.1) 157 (87.7)
Regular exercise No 137 (73.3) 0.058 b 0.810 131 (73.2) 0.069 b 0.793
Duration of sleep (h/day) 6.82 ± 1.07 0.445 a 0.657 6.90 ± 1.05 −0.923 a 0.357
Quality of sleep Good 16 (8.6) 2.099 b 0.350 14 (7.8) 0.916 b 0.633
Fair 113 (60.4) 111 (62.0)
Poor 58 (31.0) 54 (30.2)
Smoking status Yes 49 (26.2) 0.041 b 0.840 60 (33.5) 9.375 b 0.002 **
Alcohol drinking Yes 47 (25.1) 0.236 b 0.627 59 (33.0) 13.031 b <0.001 ***
Clinical Information
BMI (kg/m2) 25.15
(23.35, 27.43)
−1.757 d 0.079 25.35
(23.84, 27.83)
−3.572 d <0.001 *
Constipation Yes 25 (13.4) 5.949 b 0.015 * 21 (11.7) 1.931 b 0.165
Duration of HTN (year) 2.00
(0.50, 7.00)
−3.852 d <0.001 *** 2.00
(0.50, 7.00)
−3.593 d <0.001 ***
Taking drugs Yes 130 (69.5) 11.021 b 0.001 ** 118 (65.9) 21.839 b <0.001 ***
Complication Yes 4 (2.1) 1.793 e 0.181 1 (0.6) 0.172 e 0.678
Comorbidity Yes 27 (14.4) 0.234 b 0.629 21 (11.7) 0.792 b 0.373
Anxiety Yes 45 (24.1) 6.432 b 0.011 * 44 (24.6) 7.147 b 0.008 **
Depression Yes 52 (27.8) 13.460 b <0.001 *** 54 (30.2) 20.757 b <0.001 ***
Nutrition intake (d)
Energy (kcal) 1966.12 ± 329.44 1.597 a 0.111 2005.84 ± 348.66 −0.303 a 0.762
Protein (g) 72.28 ± 22.02 1.582 a 0.114 76.71 ± 22.64 −1.890 a 0.059
Fat (g) 69.29 ± 19.37 −0.395 a 0.693 70.75 ± 19.49 −1.631 a 0.104
Cholesterol (mg) 377.29 ± 226.50 −1.932 a 0.054 379.70 ± 238.81 −2.056 a 0.040 *
Calcium (mg) 456.66 ± 281.03 3.866 a <0.001 *** 620.03 ± 595.27 −1.416 a 0.157
Potassium (mg) 1656.10 ± 483.42 1.466 a 0.143 1722.64 ± 445.44 −1.138 a 0.256
Sodium (mg) 2126.86 ± 631.48 −2.135 a 0.033 * 2008.35 ± 843.01 0.418 a 0.676

Notes: ***: p < 0.001; **: p < 0.01; *: p < 0.05. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HTN: hypertension; Taking drugs means taking antihypertensive drugs; BMI, body mass index. a Independent-samples T test; b Pearson chi-square; c Fisher’s exact test; d Mann–Whitney U; M (P25, P75), median (25th and 75th percentiles); e Yates’ correction chi-square.