Table 3.

Overview of dosing schemes of medications for osteoporosis in celiac disease patients.

Medication	Dosing Scheme; Route of Administration	Duration of Therapy
Bisphosphonates		5 years
Alendronate	70 mg per week; orally
Ibandronate	150 mg, monthly. Orally. Or 3 mg every 3 months; intravenously
Pamidronate	Different schemes, intravenously. e.g., 90 mg every 4 weeks
Risedronate	35 mg weekly. Orally
Zoledronic acid	5 mg, once yearly; intravenously
Denosumab	60 mg twice yearly; subcutaneously	5 years, followed by another antiresorptive therapy
Teriparatide	20 micrograms daily; subcutaneously	2 years; then 1st or 2nd line agent (see Table 2)
Romosozumab	210 mg (administered as two subcutaneous injections of 105 mg each) once a month	One year. Thereafter start antiresorptive therapy with bisphosphonate

Notes: Sequential therapy [115,118,119,120]: one regimen that is getting acceptance is starting with an anabolic agent, to be followed by an antiresorptive medication. This is because short-term use of any of these agents is not capable of preventing the large majority of fractures in the course of a patient’s lifetime.