Table 4.

PCa models in which microinvasive carcinoma is documented.

Model	Alteration	Driver and/or Add. Genetic Alteration	Phenotype	Reference
Timp3	Loss of expression	Homozygous loss of Pten (conditional Pten allele)	HGPIN with microinvasion	[51]
mpAkt	Gain of expression	Myc gain of expression under control of PB driver; loss of Pten function	mPIN followed by microinvasive carcinoma, disruption of basement membrane integrity, stromal remodeling, and lymphocyte infiltration	[52]
Nkx3.1	Loss of expression	Myc gain of expression under control of CMV enhancer and β-actin promoter	HGPIN with microinvasion	[53]
Pten	Loss of expression	Myc gain of expression under control of CMV enhancer and β-actin promoter	Microinvasive cancer with disruption of smooth muscle actin	[54]