Table 2.
The regulatory effect of LAB on menopausal osteoporosis in preclinical trials or clinical trials.
| LAB Strain | Preclinical or Clinical Trials | Subjects | Duration | Anti-Osteoporosis Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L. acidophilus | Preclinical trials (in vitro) |
MC3T3-E1 cells and RAW264.7 cells | - | Increased the number of cells in osteoblasts [90] |
| Lpb. plantarum NK3 | Preclinical trials (in vivo) |
Ovariectomized mice | 4 weeks | Increased blood calcium, phosphorus, and osteocalcin levels [91] |
| L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 | Preclinical trials (in vivo) |
Ovariectomized mice | 6 weeks | Strengthened both trabecular and cortical bone microstructure along with improved mineral density and heterogeneity of bones [85] |
| L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 | Clinical trials (in vivo) |
Elderly women with osteopenia | 12 months | The loss in total VBMD of the distal tibia in women taking L. Reuteri 6475 was nearly half that of women taking placebo [92] |
| L. paracasei DSM 13434, Lpb. plantarum DSM 15312 and Lpb. plantarum DSM 15313 | Clinical trials (in vivo) |
Early postmenopausal women (lumbar spine: T score > −2.5) |
12 months | Compared with placebo, LAB treatment reduced the LS-BMD loss [89] |
| Multispecies probiotic (Gerilact capsule) | Clinical trials (in vivo) |
Postmenopausal women with mild bone loss | 6 months | Decreased BALP and CTX levels by multispecies probiotic supplementation in comparison with the control group [83] |
BMD: bone mineral density; LS-BMD: lumbar spine bone mineral density; OCN: osteocalcin; VBMD: volumetric bone mineral density.