Table 2.
The association of caffeine/coffee intake with the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.
| Study Type | Caffeine/Coffee Ingestion | The Study’s Conclusions | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Epidemiological (21-year follow-up) |
Coffee | Lower risk of dementia and AD | [63] |
| Epidemiological (30-year follow-up) |
Caffeine/coffee | Lower incidence of PD | [64] |
| Epidemiological (22-year follow-up) |
Caffeine/coffee | Reduced risk of PD | [65] |
| Epidemiological (10-year follow-up for men 16-year follow-up for women) |
Caffeine/coffee | Protective effect on risk of PD | [66] |
| Systematic review and meta-analysis | Caffeine/coffee | Inverse association between caffeine intake and risk of PD | [67] |
| Meta-analysis | Caffeine/coffee | Caffeine modified disease risk and progression in PD | [68] |
PD (Parkinson’s diseases), AD (Alzheimer’s diseases).