Table 8.

Comparison of changes in 12 weeks in the control group and intervention group.

	Mean ± S.E		Z	p
	Intervention (n = 21)	Control (n = 20)
Δ Weight (kg)	−0.06 ± 1.29	−0.97 ± 2.07	−1.972	0.049 *
Δ BMI (kg/m2)	0.00 ± 0.42	−0.43 ± 0.77	−2.212	0.027 *
Δ Waist circumference (cm)	−1.94 ± 3.12	2.64 ± 18.11	−0.575	0.565
Body composition and muscle mass (Inbody-720)
Δ Body fat mass (kg)	−1.05 ± 0.84	−1.29 ± 1.63	−0.196	0.845
Δ Body fat (%)	−1.67 ± 1.14	−1.63 ± 1.83	−1.109	0.267
Δ Fat-free mass (kg)	1.06 ± 1.00	0.37 ± 1.10	−2.194	0.028 *
Δ Lean body mass (kg)	0.95 ± 0.91	0.38 ± 1.06	−2.025	0.043 *
Δ Lean body mass index (kg/m2)	0.35 ± 0.33	0.14 ± 0.38	−2.087	0.037 *
Δ Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	0.69 ± 0.58	0.29 ± 0.65	−2.066	0.039 *
Δ Skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2)	0.26 ± 0.21	0.11 ± 0.24	−2.153	0.031 *
Body composition and muscle mass (DXA)
Δ Lean body mass (kg)	1.01 ± 1.16	0.18 ± 1.16	−1.917	0.055
Δ Lean body mass index (kg/m2)	0.37 ± 0.40	0.06 ± 0.44	−1.956	0.050
Δ Body fat mass (kg)	−0.16 ± 0.82	−0.16 ± 1.56	−0.261	0.794
Δ Body fat (%)	−0.57 ± 1.12	−0.16 ± 2.00	−0.744	0.457
Δ Bone mineral density (g/cm2)	−0.01 ± 0.02	0.00 ± 0.02	−0.457	0.648
Δ T-score	0.16 ± 0.42	−0.15 ± 0.65	−1.526	0.127
Muscle strength
Δ Hand grip strength (kg)	1.82 ± 3.43	1.07 ± 4.37	−0.457	0.648
Δ Push-ups (reps)	19.24 ± 8.98	17.95 ± 9.81	−0.405	0.685
Δ Plank (s)	52.00 ± 50.37	5.40 ± 63.36	−2.530	0.011 *
Physical performance (senior fitness test)
Δ Chair stand test (reps/30 s)	7.76 ± 3.86	6.70 ± 4.54	−0.760	0.447
Δ Bicep curl test (reps/30 s)	6.10 ± 6.11	5.32 ± 5.40	−0.380	0.704
Δ 2.44 m up-and-go test (s)	−0.27 ± 0.81	0.04 ± 0.74	−0.626	0.531
Δ Chair sit-and-reach test (cm)	3.50 ± 6.47	3.87 ± 5.48	−0.118	0.906
Δ Back scratch test (cm)	1.49 ± 6.90	−0.35 ± 4.03	−0.707	0.480
Δ 2 min step test (steps/2 min)	34.81 ± 28.97	28.10 ± 16.90	−0.652	0.514

* p < 0.05.; Δx, x change after 12 weeks (x after 12 weeks—x at baseline); BMI, body mass index; DXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.