. 2022 Oct 28;11(21):6391. doi: 10.3390/jcm11216391

Table 5.

Effects of treatment on general sperm parameters in relation to the presence of varicocele.

Parameter	Varicocele	Baseline					U Test	p *	Change after Therapy					U Test	p *
Parameter	Varicocele	$\bar{x}$ Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max	U Test	p *	$\bar{x}$ Mean	SD	Min	Median	Max	U Test	p *
Volume of ejaculate, mL	No	3.7	1.0	2.0	3.5	6.0	1.508	0.132	0.0	0.8	–1.8	0.0	1.8	0.318	0.750
Volume of ejaculate, mL	Yes	3.4	1.0	1.5	3.5	6.0	1.508	0.132	0.0	0.9	–2.5	0.0	2.8	0.318	0.750
Sperm concentration, million/mL	No	6.9	10.6	0.0	5.5	91.0	0.680	0.496	2.6	3.2	–9.0	2.5	18.0	1.104	0.270
Sperm concentration, million/mL	Yes	6.8	9.2	0.0	4.5	55.0	0.680	0.496	2.2	4.0	–19.0	2.0	24.0	1.104	0.270
Total sperm count, million/ejaculate	No	25.4	47.3	0.0	18.2	409.5	1.020	0.308	8.7	11.0	–28.5	8.0	49.6	1.871	0.061
Total sperm count, million/ejaculate	Yes	23.0	31.3	0.0	15.0	192.5	1.020	0.308	6.0	10.2	–24.5	3.5	34.3	1.871	0.061
Pathological forms, %	No	96.6	1.2	94.0	96.0	99.9	0.589	0.556	3.8	19.0	–2.0	0.0	99.9	–1.786	0.074
Pathological forms, %	Yes	96.5	1.6	93.0	96.0	99.9	0.589	0.556	4.8	21.0	–1.5	0.0	100.0	–1.786	0.074
Total motility, %	No	72.6	36.0	0.0	90.5	100.0	1.553	0.120	10.8	20.0	–22.2	0.7	100.0	–1.230	0.219
Total motility, %	Yes	67.1	32.2	0.0	77.8	100.0	1.553	0.120	15.1	22.9	–33.3	8.3	100.0	–1.230	0.219
Progressive motility, %	No	53.8	37.2	0.0	57.1	100.0	2.072	0.038	11.4	19.2	–30.0	7.2	100.0	–1.459	0.145
Progressive motility, %	Yes	40.8	33.2	0.0	33.3	100.0	2.072	0.038	16.2	22.0	–33.3	12.5	75.0	–1.459	0.145

* Mann–Whitney U test.