Table 2.
Route, recommended dose, IC50 COX 1:Cox 2 selectivity, bioavailability, elimination half life, time to maximum concentration (tmax), volume of distribution (Vd) and clearance of common NSAIDs used in equine practice in foals under one month of age.
| Drug | Route | Recommended Dosage for Foals | Selectivity (IC50 COX 1:COX 2) | Bioavailability | Elimination Half Life (t½) | Time to Maximum Concentration in Plasma (Tmax) | Volume of Distribution (Vd) | Clearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phenylbutazone | PO, IV | 4.4 mg/kg q12 h 1st day, 2.2 mg/kg q12 h subsequent days | 0.302 [16] | 7.4 h [23] | 0.274 L/kg [20] | 0.018 L/h/kg [20] | ||
| Flunixin | IV, PO | 1.1 mg/kg q12 h or 0.25 mg/kg q8 h | 0.336 [16] | 8.5 h [14] | ||||
| Meloxicam | IV, PO | 0.6 mg/kg q12 h | 3.806 [16] | 85–89% | 2.48 h [24] | 1.5 h [24] | 0.12 L/kg [24] | 154 mL/kg/h [24] |
| Firocoxib | IV, PO | 0.1 mg/kg q24 h | 268–643 [19] | 65–75% [25] | 11.04 h [20] | 0.54 h [25] | 1.8 L/kg [25] | 96 mL/kg/h [25] |
| Ketoprofen | IV, IM | 2.2 mg/kg q24 h | 0.48 [5] | 4.3 h [26] | 4 h [26] | 0.5 L/kg [26] |