Table 5.
Lists studies exploring exosomes for in vivo delivery of therapeutic ncRNA as treatment modality.
| Exosomes | Source of Exosomes | Delivery Cargo | Loading Method | Target Gene | Mechanism of Loaded Therapeutics | Cancer Types (Cell Lines) | Therapeutic Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engineered exosomes (iRGD peptide modified) |
HEK293T cells | KRAS siRNA | Lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent | KRAS | Knock-down KRAS gene expression | Lung cancer (A549) | tumor growth Inhibition |
[205] |
| Engineered exosomes (tLyp-1-modifed EVs) |
HEK293T cells | siR1, siR2, siR3 | Electroporation | SOX2 | Knock-down the SOX2 gene expression | Non-small cell lung cancer (A549) | Silenced the target gene expression and reduced the stemness of cancer stem cells | [206] |
| Engineered exosomes (EGFR RNA aptamer- modified) |
HEK293T | Survivin siRNA | ExoFect exosome transfection |
survivin | Silencing the expression of survivin | Non-small-cell lung cancer (A549) | Leading to sufficient gene silencing, chemotherapy sensitization, and regression of tumor | [207] |
| Engineered exosomes with PDL-1 antibody (Exo-PEG-PEI-PD) |
A549 Cells | PD-L1 siRNA | Incubation | PD-L1 | Silencing PD-L1 gene expression | Lung cancer (A549) | In vitro Inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and promoted the apoptosis | [186] |
| Engineered exosomes With TAT peptide modification |
A549 cells | miR-449a | Interaction with TAT protein | Bcl-2 | BCL-2 expression | Non-small cell lung cancer (A549) |
Promoting cell apoptosis by inhibition of cell proliferation |
[189] |
| Human cell-derived exosomess | HEK293T cells | Mimic of miRNA-497 | Transfection | YAP1, HDGF, CCNE1, VEGF-A |
Knockdown of YAP1, HDGF, CCNE1, VEGF-A expression |
Non-small cell lung cancer (A549) |
Angiogenesis and inhibition of tumor growth |
[191] |
| exosomes isolated from SK-LU-1 cells |
SK-LU-1 cells | miRNA-125b | Chemical transfection by Hyaluronic acid-polyethyleneimine (HA-PEI)/hyaluronic acid-polyethylene glycol (HA-PEG) |
p53 | Modulation of wt-p53 and miR-125b expression and reprogramed global miRNA profile for activation of pathways associated with apoptosis as well as p53 signaling | SK-LU-1 lung cancer cells | miR-449a Exo was found to control the progression of mouse tumors and prolong their survival in vivo |
[203] |
| Lung cancer derived exosome | A549 cells | miR-563 | electrophoresed | Bcl-2 | Inhibiting the function of Bcl-2 | Non-small cell lung cancer (A549) |
miR449a significantly inhibited the expression of apoptosis inhibitor protein Bcl-2 in A549 cells and thereby promoted cell apoptosis. Tumor regression and improved survival of in vivo | [208] |