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. 2022 Nov 1;23(21):13328. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113328

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Secretory IgA promotes GI homeostasis through immune exclusion. Dysbioticbacterial metabolites promote cell-mediated immune responses (1). Activation of these responses promotes the production of dimeric IgA by plasma cells (2). Dimeric IgA covalently binds to the polymeric immunoglobin receptor (pIgR) and is transported from the basolateral side of the gut epithelium to the apical side, where it is released by luminal proteases and subsequently binds to commensal bacteria (3), promoting GI homeostasis (4) [105].