Table 2.
Patient-related risk factors of TLE complexity, major complications of TLE procedure and predominant indications for TLE (in 3673 patients).
| Patient-Related Risk Factors and Predominant Indications for Tle |
Leads < 10 Years | Leads 10–20 Years | Leads 20–30 Years | Leads > 30 Years | Statistic | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients/group number | 2524 | 1 | 926 | 2 | 190 | 3 | 33 | 4 | 2 vs. 1 | 3 vs. 1 | 4 vs. 1 |
| Form of results presentation (count/average; Sd/%) | Count/aver. | %/Sd | Count/aver. | %/Sd | Count/aver. | %/Sd | Count/aver. | %/Sd | |||
| Patient’s age during TLE | 66.80 | 14.74 | 64.24 | 17.83 | 63.79 | 15.57 | 65.70 | 11.43 | p < 0.001 | 0.007 | 0.669 |
| Patient’s age during first system implantation | 61.90 | 14.97 | 50.57 | 18.01 | 40.72 | 15.46 | 33.00 | 12.04 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Female patients | 892 | 35.34% | 391 | 42.23% | 102 | 53.68% | 18 | 54.55% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.022 |
| Underlaying heart disease: IHD. MI | 1491 | 59.07% | 461 | 49.78% | 82 | 43.16% | 10 | 30.30% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| NYHA III & IV | 425 | 16.84% | 108 | 11.66% | 19 | 10.00% | 0 | 0.00% | p < 0.001 | 0.014 | 0.004 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1223 | 48.46% | 145 | 15.66% | 20 | 10.53% | 1 | 3.03% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| EF average (%) | 47.24 | 15.62 | 53.77 | 13.57 | 55.62 | 11.81 | 57.73 | 8.71 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| EF moderately limited (30–40%) | 530 | 21.24% | 105 | 11.64% | 18 | 10.00% | 1 | 3.70% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.008 |
| EF significantly limited (<30%) | 387 | 15.51% | 71 | 7.87% | 8 | 4.44% | 0 | 0.00% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Renal failure (any) | 571 | 22.62% | 154 | 16.63% | 23 | 12.11% | 3 | 9.09% | p < 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.090 |
| Diabetes (any) | 556 | 22.03% | 145 | 15.66% | 25 | 13.16% | 5 | 15.15% | p < 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.405 |
| Charlson’s index | 5.03 | 3.69 | 4.11 | 3.61 | 3.54 | 3.14 | 3.70 | 3.43 | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.039 |
| Main indications for TLE (primary/predominant) | |||||||||||
| Infective endocarditis with or without pocket infection | 564 | 22.35% | 211 | 22.79% | 28 | 14.74% | 5 | 15.15% | 0.783 | 0.014 | 0.403 |
| Isolated pocket infection | 259 | 10.26% | 81 | 8.75% | 13 | 6.84% | 0 | 0.00% | 0.186 | 0.130 | 0.072 |
| Mechanical lead damage * | 590 | 23.37% | 285 | 30.78% | 96 | 50.53% | 16 | 48.49% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Lead dysfunction ** | 672 | 26.62% | 145 | 15.66% | 8 | 4.21% | 2 | 6.06% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Upgrading. downgrading | 153 | 6.06% | 61 | 6.59% | 13 | 6.84% | 3 | 9.09% | 0.571 | 0.665 | 0.450 |
| Abandoned lead *** | 57 | 2.26% | 35 | 3.78% | 7 | 3.68% | 3 | 9.09% | 0.014 | 0.212 | 0.041 |
| Other indications **** | 279 | 9.07% | 108 | 11.66% | 25 | 13.16% | 4 | 12.12% | 0.615 | 0.375 | 0.780 |
* Mechanical lead damage (electric failure); ** Lead dysfunction (exit/entry block. dislodgement. perforation. extracardiac pacing); *** Abandoned lead/prevention of abandonment (AF. excessive leads); **** Other indications for TLE: MRI indication. cancer. pain of pocket. loss of indication for pacing/ICD. recapture of venous access (symptomatic occlusion. SVC syndrome. lead replacement/upgrading). threatener/potentially threatener lead (loops. free ending. left heart. LDTVD).