Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of 480 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma classified by mALF score.
| Variable | 0 Points (n = 289) |
1 Point (n = 157) |
2 Points (n = 34) |
p | Variable | 0 Points (n = 289) |
1 Point (n = 157) |
2 Points (n = 34) |
p | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Years | 0.423 | PIVKA-II (mAU/mL) | 0.004 | ||||||||||||
| <70 | 97 | (34%) | 58 | (37%) | 15 | (44%) | <107 | 151 | (54%) | 74 | (47%) | 8 | (24%) | ||
| ≥70 | 192 | (66%) | 99 | (63%) | 19 | (56%) | ≥107 | 127 | (46%) | 82 | (53%) | 25 | (76%) | ||
| Gender | 0.224 | ICGR15 (%) | 0.017 | ||||||||||||
| Male | 227 | (79%) | 112 | (71%) | 25 | (74%) | <14.8 | 157 | (55%) | 65 | (42%) | 14 | (41%) | ||
| Female | 62 | (21%) | 45 | (29%) | 9 | (26%) | ≥14.8 | 129 | (45%) | 91 | (58%) | 20 | (59%) | ||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.685 | ALBI score | <0.001 | ||||||||||||
| <24 | 161 | (56%) | 94 | (60%) | 20 | (59%) | Grade 1 | 206 | (71%) | 46 | (29%) | 0 | (0%) | ||
| ≥24 | 128 | (44%) | 63 | (40%) | 14 | (41%) | Grade 2 | 83 | (29%) | 106 | (68%) | 30 | (88%) | ||
| Alcohol | 0.481 | Grade 3 | 0 | (0%) | 5 | (3%) | 4 | (12%) | |||||||
| None | 189 | (65%) | 111 | (71%) | 24 | (71%) | Fib4-index | 0.001 | |||||||
| Positive | 100 | (35%) | 46 | (29%) | 10 | (29%) | Low | 22 | (8%) | 4 | (3%) | 4 | (12%) | ||
| HBsAg | 0.976 | Middle | 112 | (39%) | 39 | (25%) | 9 | (26%) | |||||||
| Negative | 251 | (87%) | 135 | (86%) | 30 | (88%) | High | 155 | (54%) | 113 | (72%) | 21 | (62%) | ||
| Positive | 38 | (13%) | 22 | (14%) | 4 | (12%) | Child–Pugh score | <0.001 | |||||||
| HCV Ab | 0.375 | <6 | 248 | (86%) | 75 | (48%) | 1 | (3%) | |||||||
| Negative | 186 | (65%) | 92 | (59%) | 19 | (56%) | ≥6 | 41 | (14%) | 82 | (52%) | 33 | (97%) | ||
| Positive | 102 | (35%) | 64 | (41%) | 15 | (44%) | Fibrosis stage | 0.002 | |||||||
| Platelet (×104/μL) | 0.007 | f0 or 1 or 2 or 3 | 206 | (72%) | 87 | (57%) | 25 | (81%) | |||||||
| <15.5 | 130 | (45%) | 94 | (60%) | 14 | (41%) | f4 | 80 | (28%) | 65 | (43%) | 6 | (19%) | ||
| ≥15.5 | 159 | (55%) | 63 | (40%) | 20 | (59%) | Degree of differentiation | 0.043 | |||||||
| Albumin, g/dL | <0.001 | Well or moderate | 8 | (3%) | 6 | (4%) | 4 | (13%) | |||||||
| <3.9 | 70 | (24%) | 103 | (66%) | 34 | (100%) | Poor | 263 | (97%) | 139 | (96%) | 27 | (87%) | ||
| ≥3.9 | 219 | (76%) | 54 | (34%) | 0 | (0%) | Tumor size, cm | 0.292 | |||||||
| Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 0.372 | <3.0 | 116 | (40%) | 59 | (38%) | 9 | (26%) | |||||||
| <0.8 | 149 | (52%) | 73 | (46%) | 14 | (41%) | ≥3.0 | 173 | (60%) | 98 | (62%) | 25 | (74%) | ||
| ≥0.8 | 140 | (48%) | 84 | (54%) | 20 | (59%) | Number of tumors | <0.001 | |||||||
| ALT, IU/L | 0.355 | Solitary | 243 | (84%) | 111 | (71%) | 22 | (65%) | |||||||
| <29 | 147 | (51%) | 75 | (48%) | 13 | (38%) | Multiple | 46 | (16%) | 46 | (29%) | 12 | (35%) | ||
| ≥29 | 142 | (49%) | 82 | (52%) | 21 | (62%) | Portal vein invasion | 0.028 | |||||||
| Prothrombin time, % | 0.002 | Negative | 119 | (42%) | 52 | (35%) | 7 | (21%) | |||||||
| <87 | 123 | (43%) | 89 | (57%) | 23 | (68%) | Positive | 163 | (58%) | 98 | (65%) | 27 | (79%) | ||
| ≥87 | 165 | (57%) | 68 | (43%) | 11 | (32%) | Hepatic vein invasion | 0.031 | |||||||
| CRP, mg/dL | <0.001 | Negative | 196 | (70%) | 89 | (61%) | 17 | (50%) | |||||||
| <0.1 | 162 | (56%) | 69 | (44%) | 5 | (15%) | Positive | 86 | (30%) | 57 | (39%) | 17 | (50%) | ||
| ≥0.1 | 127 | (44%) | 88 | (56%) | 29 | (85%) | mALBI | <0.001 | |||||||
| AFP, ng/mL | <0.001 | 1 or 2a | 289 | (100%) | 84 | (54%) | 0 | (0%) | |||||||
| <100 | 289 | (100%) | 73 | (46%) | 0 | (0%) | 2b or 3 | 0 | (0%) | 73 | (46%) | 34 | (100%) | ||
| ≥100 | 0 | (0%) | 84 | (54%) | 34 | (100%) | |||||||||
Data are shown as n (%). mALF: modified albumin-bilirubin grade and α-fetoprotein; BMI: body mass index; HBsAg: hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV Ab: hepatitis C virus antibody; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; CRP: C-reactive protein; AFP: α-fetoprotein; PIVKA-II: protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II; ICGR15: indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min; ALBI: integration of albumin-bilirubin; mALBI: modified integration of albumin-bilirubin.