Table 3.
Concentrations of 2,5-HD in urine of non-occupationally exposed population.
| Country | n | Mean Total 2,5-HD mg/L (Range) | Mean Free 2,5-HD mg/L (Range) | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexico | 32 | N.A. | 0.043 | [25] |
| Italy | 99 | 0.18 (0.06–0.40) a | 0.031 (<0.012–0.078) a | [102] |
| China | 8235 | 0.16 b (0.02–0.57) a | N.A. | [100] |
| Sweden | 227 | 0.41 | N.A. | [66] |
| Italy | 108 | 0.37 | N.A. | [70] |
| Italy | 123 | N.A. (0.08–0.95) | N.A. | [103] |
| Italy | 22 | 0.44 (0.19–0.73) | 0.022 (0.010–0.048) | [104] |
| Italy | 26 | 0.56 (0.17–0.98) | N.A. | [105] |
| Japan | 53 | 0.33 | Not detected | [106] |
| Japan | 55 | 1.47 | Not detected | [107] |
| Germany | 12 | 0.45 (0.12–0.78) | N.A. | [57] |
a 5th–95th percentiles; b median; N.A., not available.