Table 2.

Demographic characteristics of participants

Variable	Categories	n	%
Age, year	60 ~ 69	182	48.66
	70 ~ 79	128	34.22
	≥ 80	64	17.11
Gender	Male	188	50.27
	Female	186	49.73
Education	Illiteracy	35	9.36
	Primary school	64	17.11
	Junior high school	81	21.66
	High school or technical secondary school	95	25.40
	Junior college	38	10.16
	Undergraduate and above	61	16.31
Marital status	Married	348	93.04
	Single	1	0.27
	Widowed	24	6.42
	Divorced	1	0.27
Monthly personal income (RMB)	< 1000	53	14.17
	1000 ~ 2000	42	11.23
	2000 ~ 4000	131	35.03
	≥ 4000	148	39.57
Number of chronic diseases	None	154	41.18
	1	139	37.17
	2	60	16.04
	≥ 3	21	5.61
Self-care	cannot take care of themselves	3	0.80
	Partly self-care	18	4.81
	Completely self-care	353	94.39
Children number	0	3	0.80
	1	164	43.85
	2	134	35.83
	≥ 3	73	19.52
Whether the children live together	Live in the same city but not together	133	35.56
	do not live in the same city	35	9.36
	living together	206	55.08
Primary caregiver	Spouse	59	15.78
	Nanny	9	2.41
	Child	25	6.68
	Self-care	281	75.13
Occupation before retirement	Worker	109	29.14
	farmer	65	17.38
	teacher	22	5.88
	civil servant	56	14.97
	medical staff	10	2.67
	Self-employed and others	112	29.95
Smoking frequency	never	333	89.04
	1–2 days a week	6	1.60
	3–4 days a week	7	1.87
	Almost every day	28	7.49
Drinking frequency	never	302	80.75
	1–2 days a week	41	10.96
	3–4 days a week	11	2.94
	Almost every day	20	5.35
Exercise frequency	never	35	9.36
	1–2 days a week	43	11.50
	3–4 days a week	45	12.03
	Almost every day	251	67.11