Table 5.

Odds ratios for the immune markers for each group

Immune markers	Cases	Controls	P value	ORa	95% CI
CD8+ TIL levels
low	21	28		1
high	10	34	0.020	0.325	0.125–0.840
PD-L1 expression
low	19	27		1
high	12	35	0.054	0.378	0.141–1.015

^aOdds ratio were adjusted for age, gender, admission time, tumor sites, tumor volume, peritumoral brain edema, Simpson grade resection, WHO grade, postoperative radiotherapy, and follow-up duration