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. 2022 Oct 31;23(21):13264. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113264

Figure 4.

Figure 4

YW3-56 treatment decreased histone citrullination in lung sections, alveolar wall thickening, as well as IL-6 and TNFα levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). (A) After LPS treatment, alveolar wall was much thickened analyzed with H&E staining. YW3-56 treatment largely reversed alveolar wall (yellow box line marked) thickening. (B) After LPS treatment, histone citrullination (red) was increased in lung sections detected by immunostaining with a histone H3Cit (Cit2, 8, 17) antibody and DNA dye DAPI staining (blue). Histone citrullination was decreased upon YW3-56 treatment. (C,D) BALF IL-6 (n = 4, 6, 7) and TNFα (n = 4, 4, 7) levels were much increased after LPS treatment, while YW3-56 treatment significantly decreased IL-6 and TNFα levels. Scale bars represent 20 μm. All data in figures were presented as mean ± SEM. ** p < 0.01; **** p < 0.0001. IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; NET, neutrophil extracellular trap; cfDNA, cell free DNA; LPS, lipopolysaccharides; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.