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. 2022 Nov 1;14(21):4588. doi: 10.3390/nu14214588

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© 2022 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Typical AGEs and structures derived from dicarbonyls. Arg: Arg residue; Lys: lys residue; GO: glyoxal; MGO: methylglyoxal; Glycol: Glycolaldehyde; Glycer: Glyceraldehyde; DOLD: 3-deoxyglucosone-lysine dimer; CMA: N7–(carboxymethyl)arginine; 3-DG: 3-deoxyglucosone; GODIC: Glyoxal-derived lysine–arginine crosslinks; MODIC: methylglyoxal-derived lysine–arginine crosslinks; 3DG-H1: 3-deoxyglucosone-derived hydroimidazolone; GLAP: glyceraldehyde-derived pyridinium; DOPDIC: N6-{2-{[(4S)-4-ammonio-5-oxido-5-oxopentyl]amino}-5-[(2S,3R)-2,3,4-trihydroxybutyl]-3,5-dihydro-4H-imidazol-4-ylidene}-L-lysinate.