Table 2.

Summary of the related work on long-range transceivers.

Reference	Year	Main Contribution	Security Level	Energy Efficient?	Cloud-Based?	Low-Cost?
[4]	2018	Developed a mesh network framework for monitoring IoT applications.	Moderate	Yes	Yes	No
[28]	2018	Designed a LoRa transceiver system with improved characteristics.	Low	Yes	No	No
[36]	2018	Focused on an automatic key generation for long-range wide area communication.	High	Yes	No	No
[31]	2018	Validated LoRa experimentation using commercial devices and software-defined radios.	Low	No	No	No
[37]	2018	Developed a narrowband interference suppression technique to improve BER.	Moderate	Yes	No	No
[22]	2018	Developed an energy-efficient network architecture for IoT.	Low	No	Yes	Yes
[38]	2018	Developed a scheme for overcoming the bandwidth limitation of LoRa.	High	Yes	No	No
[39]	2017	Developed a multi-hop network based on low-power wide area technology.	Low	No	No	No
[12]	2017	Proposed an architecture of IoT LoRa wireless radio-based information display system.	Moderate	Yes	No	Yes
[1]	2022	LoRa communication system for the development and implementation of a smart multi-sensor system for monitoring air quality remotely.	Low	Yes	Yes	No
[5]	2022	LoRaWAN technique to provide a low-power livestock localization and monitoring system	Moderate	No	Yes	Yes
Our work	A low-cost secure system for monitoring and storing of IoT data in the cloud that can be used to link city and suburban park communities effectively.		High	Yes	Yes	Yes