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. 2022 Nov 7;23(21):13638. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113638

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Circulating biomarkers of the vulnerable plaque and the main mechanisms involved in atherosclerotic plaque development. CRP-C, reactive protein; IFN-γ, Interferon-γ; IL-1, Interleukin-1; IL-18, Interleukin-18; IL-6, Interleukin-6; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LYS-C, lysozyme c; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; NOS, nitric oxide species; PAPP-A, pregnancy associated plasma protein A; PLA-2, Phospholipase A2; TMAO, Trimethylamine-N-oxide; TNF-α, Tumor necrosis factor alpha.