Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the whole cohort of patients (n = 60).
| Overall | SOD+ | SOD− | p-Value * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of individuals | 60 | 30 (50.0%) | 30 (59.0%) | |
| Age (years) | 0.6 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 36 (32–39) | 36 (32–41) | 36 (32–40) | |
| Range | 18–50 | 18–50 | 25–50 | |
| Duration of infertility (months) | 0.3 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 24 (12–38) | 24 (12–38) | 24 (15–40) | |
| Range | 12–200 | 12–200 | 24–108 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 0.4 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 25.2 (23.7–27.1) | 25.1 (23.8–26.3) | 25.2 (23.8–28.7) | |
| Range | 18.9–41.0 | 18.9–41.0 | 20.9–41.0 | |
| CCI (score) | 0.8 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | |
| Mean (SD) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | |
| Range | 0–4 | 0–1 | 0–4 | |
| Current smoking status (No. (%)) | 27 (45.0) | 13 (43.3) | 14 (46.6) | 0.6 |
| Mean TV (Prader’s estimation) | 0.7 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 18 (14–20) | 18 (18–25) | 18 (14–25) | |
| Range | 5–25 | 5–25 | 8–25 | |
| Varicocele (No. (%)) | 21 (35.0) | 10 (33.3) | 11 (36.6) | 0.2 |
| tT (ng/mL) | 0.7 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 4.6 (3.5–5.9) | 4.5 (3.1–6.1) | 4.6 (3.7–6.5) | |
| Range | 0.9–21.5 | 0.9–11.9 | 2.0–21.5 | |
| FSH (mUI/mL) | 0.5 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 6.4 (3.0–9.5) | 6.5 (3.1–8.8) | 6.4 (2.9–9.1) | |
| Range | 0.8–45.8 | 2.1–15.3 | 0.8–45.8 | |
| LH (mUI/mL) | 0.3 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 5.2 (3.1–7.2) | 5.1 (3.3–7.5) | 5.2 (3.5–8.4) | |
| Range | 1.9–34.2 | 1.9–13.7 | 3.1–34.2 | |
| Prolactin (ng/mL) | 0.8 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 7.9 (5.1–11.5) | 7.8 (4.9–10.7) | 8.1 (5.6–11.9) | |
| Range | 1.9–24.3 | 1.9–24.3 | 2.6–23.9 | |
| TSH (mUI/L) | 0.5 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 1.5 (1.2–2.7) | 1.5 (1.1–2.7) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | |
| Range | 0.9–4.6 | 0.9–4.2 | 0.9–4.6 | |
| Sexual abstinence (days) | 0.9 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | 3 (2–5) | |
| Range | 2–7 | 2–7 | 2–7 | |
| Semen volume (mL) | 0.8 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.5) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | |
| Range | 1.0–11.0 | 1.0–11.0 | 1.0–9.0 | |
| Sperm concentration (×106/mL) | 0.5 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 16.3 (4.9–23.1) | 16.1 (3.1–19.3) | 16.2 (4.6–24.6) | |
| Range | 0.9–25.8 | 0.9–24.7 | 1.1–25.8 | |
| Progressive sperm motility (%) | 0.7 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 16 (10–39) | 17 (10–36) | 16 (9–31) | |
| Range | 0–46 | 0–46 | 0–45 | |
| Normal sperm morphology (%) | 0.4 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–6) | 2 (1–6) | |
| Range | 0–10 | 0–10 | 0–10 | |
| SDF (%) | 0.8 | |||
| Median (IQR) | 41.0 (30–53) | 41.2 (30–51) | 40.7 (30–55) | |
| Range | 30–97 | 30–86 | 30–97 |
Keys: BMI = body mass index; CCI = Charlson Comorbidity Index; TV = testicular volume; tT = total testosterone; FSH = follicle-stimulating hormone; LH = luteinizing hormone; TSH = thyroid-stimulating hormone; SDF = sperm DNA fragmentation index. * p-value according to the Mann–Whitney test and chi-square test, as indicated.