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A schematic diagram of the Gut Microbiota-Brain Axis and the signal transduction Pathway. As a bidirectional communication linking the gut microbiota to the brain, the gut microbiota-brain axis can be achieved through the neuroendocrine system (the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis), the neuroanatomical pathways (vagus nerve), cytokines, as well as direct or indirect chemical pathways that may involve microbial metabolites (SCFA) and some specific neurotransmitters.
