Table 1.

Clinicopathological features in 14 Italian wolves.

Case No	Gender	Age (months)	Weight (Kg)	Cause	Vertebral Site	Other Injuries	Neurological Grade	Treatment	Final Outcome
1	M	23	34	HBC	L6	Hip Fracture	Grade 0	None	Euthanasia
2	M	28	31	HBC	T12, T13	None	Grade 0	None	Euthanasia
3	F	21	28	Discospondylitis	T12-T13	None	Grade 4	Body-splint and antibiotics treatment	10 weeks: Normal, Release into the wild (grade 6).
4	F	6	13	HBC	T12, L2	None	Grade 0	None	Euthanasia
5	M	15	27	HBC	L2	None	Grade 0	None	Euthanasia
6	M	10	20	HBC	T13	None	Grade 0	None	Euthanasia
7	M	12	28	HBC	L3	Hip fracture	Grade 3	Screws-PMMA implant	12 weeks: Normal, Release into the wild (grade 6).
8	F	7	11	HBC	C2	Humerus fracture Radius/ulna fracture	Grade 3	Screws-PMMA implant	15 weeks: Normal, Release into the wild (grade 6).
9	M	8	13	HBC	T11	None	Grade 4	Dorsal spinal staple	7 weeks: Normal, Release in the wild (grade 6).
10	M	7	16	Unknown	T5, T6, T7	None	Grade 3	Body-splint	3 weeks: Euthanized for poor quality of life
11	M	50	30	HBC	L5	Hip fracture	Grade 3	Dorsal spinal staple	16 weeks: Normal, Release into the wild (grade 6).
12	M	34	29	HBC	L2	None	Grade 3	Dorsal spinal staple	At present ambulatory with spinal ataxia. Stay in protection center (grade 4).
13	F	4	8	HBC	L2, L3	Ribs	Grade 0	None	Euthanasia
14	F	26	26	HBC	L2	Radius/ulna fracture	Grade 4	Dorsal spinal staple	6 weeks: Normal, Release into the wild (grade 6).