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. 2022 Nov 9;15:2591–2603. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S367591

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© 2022 Wen et al.

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Metabolic process of TMAO in vivo. Metabolism of TMAO: (I) TMA is absorbed into blood and oxidized to TMAO; (II) Excretion pathway of TMAO and other metabolites; (III) Metabolic reversal.¹⁵^,^21–23