| ACEI | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors |
| ADP | Adenosine diphosphate |
| AMPK | AMP-activated protein kinase |
| ARBs | Angiotensin receptor blockers |
| ARNi | Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| Bcl-2 | B-cell lymphoma 2 |
| Bax | Bcl-2-associated X protein |
| Cyt. c | Cytochrome c |
| CI | Complex I |
| CII | Complex II |
| ETS | Electron transport system |
| eNOS-PGC-1α | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase 3-Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha |
| GLP-1 RAs | Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists |
| LEAK | Non-phosphorylating respiration |
| LDL | Low-density lipoprotein |
| mtDNA | Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid |
| mPTP | Mitochondrial permeability transition pore |
| NADH | Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| RAAS | Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT2 | Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors |
| TNFα | Tumor necrosis factor α |