Table 2.
Comparison of each component of DII scores between individuals with CHD and individuals without CHD.
| Variables | Overall (n = 45,023) |
Non-CHD (n = 43,768) |
CHD (n = 1255) |
p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DII | 1.74 (0.21, 2.94) | 1.73 (0.21, 2.93) | 1.96 (0.40, 3.13) | <0.001 *** |
| Carbohydrate | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.02) | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.01) | <0.001 *** |
| Protein | −0.06 (−0.10, 0.08) | −0.06 (−0.10, 0.08) | −0.08 (−0.10, 0.01) | <0.001 *** |
| Total fat | 0.28 (0.28, 0.28) | 0.28 (0.28, 0.28) | 0.28 (0.28, 0.28) | <0.001 *** |
| Fiber | 0.01 (−0.23, 0.27) | 0.01 (−0.23, 0.27) | −0.10 (−0.26, 0.20) | <0.001 *** |
| Cholesterol | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | <0.001 *** |
| Saturated fat | 0.43 (−0.25, 0.63) | 0.43 (−0.25, 0.63) | 0.45 (−0.17, 0.64) | 0.004 ** |
| MUFA | −0.08 (−0.11, 0.11) | −0.07 (−0.11, 0.11) | −0.10 (−0.11, 0.10) | <0.001 *** |
| PUFA | −0.20 (−0.34, 0.19) | −0.20 (−0.34, 0.19) | −0.28 (−0.36, 0.02) | <0.001 *** |
| Niacin | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.03) | <0.001 *** |
| Vitamin A | −0.10 (−0.33, 0.25) | −0.10 (−0.33, 0.25) | 0.04 (−0.30, 0.28) | <0.001 *** |
| Thiamin | 0.27 (0.12, 0.34) | 0.27 (0.12, 0.34) | 0.27 (0.14, 0.34) | <0.001 *** |
| Riboflavin | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.03 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.04 (−0.03, 0.07) | 0.021 * |
| Vitamin B6 | −0.08 (−0.30, 0.13) | −0.09 (−0.30, 0.13) | −0.03 (−0.27, 0.16) | <0.001 *** |
| Vitamin B12 | 0.36 (−0.02, 0.41) | 0.36 (−0.02, 0.41) | 0.37 (0.04, 0.41) | 0.045 * |
| Vitamin C | 0.44 (0.30, 36.95) | 0.44 (0.30, 36.81) | 0.44 (0.32, 41.34) | <0.001 *** |
| Vitamin D | 0.37 (−0.23, 0.42) | 0.37 (−0.23, 0.42) | 0.40 (−0.07, 0.42) | <0.001 *** |
| Vitamin E | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.00 (−0.02, 0.03) | −0.01 (−0.03, 0.02) | 0.003 ** |
| Iron | 0.01 (−0.30, 0.27) | 0.01 (−0.30, 0.27) | 0.10 (−0.27, 0.28) | <0.001 *** |
| Magnesium | 0.13 (−0.14, 0.30) | 0.12 (−0.14, 0.30) | 0.17 (−0.08, 0.32) | <0.001 *** |
| Zinc | −0.15 (−0.19, −0.01) | −0.15 (−0.19, −0.01) | −0.13 (−0.19, 0.03) | <0.001 *** |
| Selenium | 0.18 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.18 (0.11, 0.19) | 0.19 (0.13, 0.19) | 0.012 * |
| Folic acid | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.03) | −0.04 (−0.08, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.08, 0.02) | 0.001 ** |
| β-Carotene | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.07 (−0.08, 0.16) | 0.09 (−0.04, 0.17) | <0.001 *** |
| Caffeine | 0.54 (0.38, 0.56) | 0.54 (0.38, 0.56) | 0.54 (0.40, 0.56) | 0.081 |
| Alcohol | 0.08 (0.08, 0.08) | 0.08 (0.08, 0.08) | 0.08 (0.08, 0.08) | <0.001 *** |
| Energy | −0.04 (−0.17, 0.16) | −0.04 (−0.17, 0.17) | −0.12 (−0.18, 0.07) | <0.001 *** |
| n3 fatty acids | 0.29 (0.28, 0.30) | 0.29 (0.28, 0.30) | 0.29 (0.28, 0.30) | <0.001 *** |
| n6 fatty acids | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.02) | −0.07 (−0.14, 0.02) | −0.04 (−0.12, 0.04) | <0.001 *** |
Variables are presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD) (normal distribution), the median (interquartile range) (skewed distribution). DII, Dietary Inflammatory Index; CHD, coronary heart disease; MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. *** p-value < 0.001, ** p-value < 0.01, * p-value < 0.05.