Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of study participants by nHDL level.
| nHDL Level | p Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1 | T2 | T3 | ||
| Follow-up duration (year) | 6.334 ± 2.493 | 6.320 ± 2.533 | 6.234 ± 2.538 | 0.720 |
| Age (year) | 55.098 ± 12.452 | 53.478 ± 11.897 | 52.620 ± 12.314 | 0.001 |
| Male | 465 (64.1) | 434 (60.8) | 422 (59.2) | 0.144 |
| Age-adjusted CCI | 0.001 | |||
| 0–3 | 330 (45.5) | 398 (55.7) | 394 (55.3) | |
| 4–5 | 232 (32.0) | 193 (27.0) | 207 (29.0) | |
| 6–7 | 132 (18.2) | 105 (14.7) | 97 (13.6) | |
| ≥8 | 31 (4.3) | 18 (2.5) | 15 (2.1) | |
| Primary cause of CKD | 0.117 | |||
| DM | 215 (29.7) | 155 (21.7) | 175 (24.6) | |
| HTN | 139 (19.2) | 137 (19.2) | 150 (21.1) | |
| GN | 211 (29.1) | 247 (34.6) | 227 (31.9) | |
| TID | 4 (0.6) | 5 (0.7) | 4 (0.6) | |
| PKD | 107 (14.8) | 119 (16.7) | 114 (16.0) | |
| Others | 49 (6.8) | 51 (7.1) | 42 (5.9) | |
| Smoking history | 0.151 | |||
| Non-smoker | 361 (49.8) | 395 (55.3) | 392 (55.1) | |
| Ex-smoker | 118 (16.3) | 108 (15.1) | 115 (16.2) | |
| Current smoker | 246 (33.9) | 211 (29.6) | 204 (28.7) | |
| Medication | ||||
| ACEIs/ARBs | 214 (29.5) | 197 (27.6) | 219 (30.7) | 0.425 |
| Diuretic use | 237 (32.7) | 210 (29.4) | 239 (33.5) | 0.212 |
| Anti-HTN drugs ≥ 3 | 214 (29.5) | 197 (27.6) | 219 (30.7) | 0.425 |
| Statins | 509 (70.2) | 343 (48.0) | 266 (37.3) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.140 ± 3.277 | 24.583 ± 3.206 | 25.100 ± 3.681 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 86.518 ± 9.543 | 87.410 ± 9.470 | 88.659 ± 10.089 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 125.552 ± 15.070 | 128.585 ± 16.716 | 129.361 ± 16.530 | <0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.724 ± 10.425 | 77.742 ± 10.952 | 78.303 ± 11.567 | <0.001 |
| Laboratory findings | ||||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.520 ± 2.019 | 12.970 ± 2.000 | 13.031 ± 2.010 | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.188 ± 0.353 | 4.205 ± 0.371 | 4.132 ± 0.530 | 0.010 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 138.422 ± 21.093 | 169.807 ± 16.377 | 214.798 ± 30.740 | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 50.692 ± 17.316 | 48.418 ± 14.229 | 48.592 ± 14.407 | 0.013 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 68.828 ± 15.342 | 94.705 ± 16.829 | 127.746 ± 27.669 | <0.001 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 117.327 ± 58.870 | 152.076 ± 77.792 | 204.278 ± 125.992 | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 107.427 ± 33.661 | 110.925 ± 41.189 | 115.025 ± 44.121 | 0.001 |
| hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.500 (0.200, 1.400) | 0.600 (0.210, 1.700) | 0.800 (0.300, 1.900) | 0.449 |
| Spot urine ACR (mg/g) | 331.017 (80.954, 891.067) | 312.364 (63.343, 950.315) | 426.526 (91.296, 1489.556) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.925 ± 1.220 | 1.768 ± 1.133 | 1.767 ± 1.103 | 0.015 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 47.145 ± 28.686 | 52.215 ± 30.834 | 51.965 ± 30.823 | 0.001 |
| CKD stages | 0.111 | |||
| Stage 1 | 93 (12.8) | 130 (18.2) | 125 (17.5) | |
| Stage 2 | 132 (18.2) | 135 (18.9) | 140 (19.6) | |
| Stage 3a | 114 (15.7) | 117 (16.4) | 122 (17.1) | |
| Stage 3b | 161 (22.2) | 149 (20.9) | 143 (20.1) | |
| Stage 4 | 169 (23.3) | 146 (20.4) | 141 (19.8) | |
| Stage 5 | 56 (7.7) | 37 (5.2) | 42 (5.9) |
Values for categorical variables are given as a number (percentage); values for continuous variables, as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). Abbreviations: ACEIs, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers; BMI, body mass index; CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; GN, glomerulonephritis; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; HTN, hypertension; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; nHDL, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PKD, polycystic kidney disease; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T1, 1st tertile; T2, 2nd tertile; T3, 3rd tertile; TG, triglyceride; TID, tubulointerstitial disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.