Table 2.

Reduction of scion growth due to CDVd infection.

Scion Cultivar	Rootstock	Name of Treatment	Key Findings	References
‘Navel orange’	‘Rich 16-6’ trifoliate orange	Graft-inoculated with CDVd, while the control group was not inoculated with CDVd.	The tree canopy was reduced by >20% in CDVd-infected trees.	[51]
‘Parent Washington’ navel orange	‘Rich 16-6’ trifoliate orange	The CDVd-infected trees were planted at a close spacing (3 × 6.7 m), whereas the uninfected trees were planted at a standard spacing (6.1 × 6.7 m).	CDVd modifies the expression profile of citrus growth and developmental processes, which may be related to cellular changes that result in the observed phenotype of reduced vegetative growth and smaller trees.	[25]
‘Washington navel’	‘Carrizo citrange’	A graft was infected with viroid isolates.	Viroid infection had a negative impact on plant growth, resulting in decreased height and canopy volume.	[49]
‘Navel orange’	‘Poncirus trifoliata’	Trees were treated using citrus dwarfing viroid (TsnRNA-IIIb).	TsnRNAs (CDVd) can limit tree growth, making citrus grove management and production more flexible and consumer-friendly.	[56]
‘Grapefruit’	‘Troyer citrange’	The graft was inoculated with five different kinds of GTDC, together with 225T and 225M.	CVd infection of grafted grapefruit trees decreased the water movement capacity from the roots and within the canopy.	[50]
‘Valencia orange’	‘Poncirus trifoliata’	Treatment was performed using citrus viroid (CVd-la, CVd-IIIb and CVd-IIa,).	The canopy volume was reduced while the yield per tree increased.	[52]