Table 1.
Incidences and temporal trends in gastric cancers globally and by sex, and SDI and GBD regions, 1990–2019.
| Population | 1990 | 2019 | 1990–2019 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incidence Cases | IR (per 100,000) | Incidence Cases | IR (per 100,000) | EAPC | |
| No. (95% UI) | No. (95% UI) | No. (95% UI) | No. (95% UI) | No. (95% CI) | |
| Global | |||||
| EOGC | 125,974 (118,140–133,956) | 4.6 (4.4–4.9) | 144,321 (130,473–158,789) | 3.7 (3.3–4.0) | −0.84 * (−0.99 to −0.69) |
| IOGC | 74,469 (69,424–79,643) | 35.0 (32.7–37.5) | 92,619 (81,908–104,377) | 21.2 (18.8–23.9) | −1.77 * (−2.03 to −1.50) |
| LOGC | 682,952 (645,714–718,165) | 101.8 (96.2–107.0) | 1,032,865 (934,144–1,135,210) | 73.5 (66.4–80.8) | −1.10 * (−1.25 to −0.95) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | |||||
| EOGC | 73,551 (67,773–79,096) | 5.4 (4.9–5.8) | 90,805 (79,515–103,618) | 4.6 (4.0–5.2) | −0.44 * (−0.65 to −0.24) |
| IOGC | 50,923 (46,691–55,835) | 47.3 (43.4–51.9) | 64,844 (54,890–76,597) | 29.8 (25.2–35.2) | −1.56 * (−1.86 to −1.25) |
| LOGC | 423,665 (395,052–453,227) | 136.2 (127.0–145.7) | 691,222 (610,582–782,032) | 104.4 (92.2–118.1) | −0.85 * (−1.00 to −0.69) |
| Female | |||||
| EOGC | 52,423 (47,705–57,109) | 3.9 (3.6–4.3) | 53,516 (47,850–59,347) | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | −1.45 * (−1.61 to −1.29) |
| IOGC | 23,545 (21,572–25,377) | 22.4 (20.6–24.2) | 27,775 (24,563–31,158) | 12.7 (11.2–14.2) | −2.15 * (−2.36 to −1.93) |
| LOGC | 259,287 (241,989–275,659) | 72.0 (67.2–76.6) | 341,643 (301,534–380,296) | 45.9 (40.5–51.1) | −1.62 * (−1.77 to −1.47) |
| Sociodemographic index (SDI) | |||||
| High SDI | |||||
| EOGC | 24,633 (24,089–25,167) | 5.7 (5.6–5.9) | 14,042 (12,929–15,275) | 3.0 (2.8–3.3) | −2.41 * (−2.49 to −2.32) |
| IOGC | 14,382 (13,895–14,824) | 33.0 (31.8–34.0) | 9392 (8471–10,436) | 13.7 (12.3–15.2) | −3.24 * (−3.33 to −3.15) |
| LOGC | 188,546 (180,270–192,729) | 107.4 (102.6–109.7) | 214,329 (187,179–235,870) | 68.8 (60.1–75.7) | −1.73 * (−1.80 to −1.65) |
| High-middle SDI | |||||
| EOGC | 35,030 (32,515–37,646) | 5.8(5.4–6.2) | 40,349 (35,304–45,650) | 5.5 (4.8–6.3) | −0.34 * (−0.51 to −0.16) |
| IOGC | 24,921 (23,304–26,742) | 44.1 (41.3–47.4) | 26,927 (22,777–31,567) | 26.4 (22.3–31.0) | −1.75 * (−2.08 to −1.41) |
| LOGC | 231,643 (218,770–244,500) | 125.1 (118.2–132.0) | 313,798 (278,349–351,211) | 88.5 (78.5–99.0) | −1.17 * (−1.37 to −0.97) |
| Middle SDI | |||||
| EOGC | 41,707 (37,520–46,082) | 4.6 (4.2–5.1) | 54,282 (47,259–61,912) | 4.3 (3.7–4.9) | −0.18 (−0.42 to 0.06) |
| IOGC | 23,115 (20,358–26,278) | 38.0 (33.5–43.2) | 37,838 (31,791–44,635) | 24.6 (20.7–29.1) | −1.53 * (−1.93 to −1.13) |
| LOGC | 186,596 (168,262–207,174) | 108.4 (97.7–120.3) | 366,101 (319,384–48,858) | 85.4 (74.5–97.7) | −0.64 * (−0.89 to −0.39) |
| Low-middle SDI | |||||
| EOGC | 18,731 (16,680–20,404) | 3.5 (3.1–3.8) | 26,153 (23,536–28,918) | 2.8 (2.5–3.1) | −0.70 * (−0.80 to −0.59) |
| IOGC | 9267 (8327–10,233) | 25.2 (22.6–27.8) | 14,138 (12,502–15,857) | 17.7 (15.7–19.9) | −1.29 * (−1.41 to −1.17) |
| LOGC | 57,799 (53,087–62,058) | 58.4 (53.6–62.7) | 108,896 (99,437–118,824) | 47.9 (43.7–52.3) | −0.66 * (−0.76 to −0.57) |
| Low SDI | |||||
| EOGC | 5836 (4921–6622) | 2.5 (2.1–2.8) | 9442 (8062–10,865) | 1.7 (1.5–2.0) | −1.28 * (−1.30 to −1.25) |
| IOGC | 2766 (2379–3127) | 18.7 (16.1–21.2) | 4296 (3674–4949) | 13.2 (11.3–15.2) | −1.35 * (−1.44 to −1.26) |
| LOGC | 18,167 (16,102–20,132) | 46.8 (41.5–51.9) | 29,451 (26,698–32,482) | 35.5 (32.2–39.2) | −0.97 * (−1.02 to −0.92) |
| GBD regions | |||||
| Andean Latin America | |||||
| EOGC | 985 (889–1096) | 5.3 (4.8–5.9) | 1511 (1177–1918) | 4.6 (3.6–5.8) | −0.62 * (−0.82 to −0.42) |
| IOGC | 429 (373–491) | 37.4 (32.5–42.7) | 702 (527–922) | 23.4 (17.6–30.8) | −1.58 * (−1.71 to −1.44) |
| LOGC | 4561 (4139–4987) | 135.7 (123.2–148.4) | 10,161 (8347–12,276) | 108.3 (89.0–130.9) | −0.77 * (−0.87 to −0.66) |
| Australasia | |||||
| EOGC | 211 (198–226) | 2.0 (1.8–2.1) | 242 (186–310) | 1.8 (1.4–2.3) | −0.24 * (−0.35 to −0.13) |
| IOGC | 114 (104–127) | 12.0 (10.8–13.3) | 147 (106–203) | 8.1 (5.8–11.1) | −1.30 * (−1.46 to −1.13) |
| LOGC | 2057 (1953–2147) | 52.2 (49.6–54.5) | 3060 (2451–3739) | 37.2 (29.8–45.4) | −1.47 * (−1.59 to −1.35) |
| Caribbean | |||||
| EOGC | 409 (349–453) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | 535 (432–644) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 0.00 (−0.07 to 0.07) |
| IOGC | 211 (184–242) | 16.2 (14.1–18.6) | 335 (270–408) | 12.2 (9.9–14.9) | −0.69 * (−0.81 to −0.58) |
| LOGC | 2303 (2117–2434) | 53.3 (49.0–56.3) | 3486 (3023–3982) | 39.5 (34.2–45.1) | −0.93 * (−1.04 to −0.82) |
| Central Asia | |||||
| EOGC | 2161 (2077–2244) | 6.5 (6.2–6.7) | 1974 (1765–2230) | 4.0 (3.6–4.6) | −2.19 * (−2.40 to −1.98) |
| IOGC | 1618 (1537–1694) | 54.4 (51.7–57.0) | 1158 (1009–1341) | 24.2 (21.1–28.0) | −2.81 * (−2.92 to −2.69) |
| LOGC | 9613 (9274–9907) | 120.6 (116.3–124.3) | 8994 (8146–9923) | 69.1 (62.6–76.2) | −1.82 * (−1.94 to −1.69) |
| Central Europe | |||||
| EOGC | 2511 (2452–2570) | 4.1 (4.0–4.2) | 1460 (1262–1678) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) | −1.85 * (−2.03 to −1.66) |
| IOGC | 1790 (1724–1863) | 26.0 (25.0–27.1) | 1113 (948–1299) | 14.9 (12.7–17.4) | −1.91 * (−2.05 to −1.77) |
| LOGC | 22,154 (21,540–22,588) | 84.8 (82.4–86.4) | 19,143 (16,883–19,143) | 52.6 (46.4–59.1) | −1.75 * (−1.83 to −1.66) |
| Central Latin America | |||||
| EOGC | 2590 (2515–2663) | 3.2 (3.1–3.3) | 4707 (3923–5598) | 3.6 (3.0–4.3) | 0.25 * (0.16 to 0.35) |
| IOGC | 1128 (1080–1176) | 23.2 (22.2–24.2) | 2239 (1859–2706) | 17.3 (14.3–20.9) | −1.14 * (−1.22 to −1.05) |
| LOGC | 11,778 (11,245–12,127) | 86.5 (82.6–89.0) | 23,563 (20,089–27,595) | 59.0 (50.3–69.1) | −1.66 * (−1.77 to −1.55) |
| Central sub-Saharan Africa | |||||
| EOGC | 544 (412–698) | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | 905 (673–1187) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | −1.54 * (−1.61 to −1.46) |
| IOGC | 306 (224–406) | 20.7 (15.1–27.4) | 498 (353–678) | 13.2 (9.4–18.0) | −1.59 * (−1.67 to −1.52) |
| LOGC | 1875 (1552–2241) | 49.4 (40.9–59.0) | 2846 (2308–3538) | 33.3 (27.0–41.3) | −1.46 * (−1.55 to −1.37) |
| East Asia | |||||
| EOGC | 49,305 (42,924–56,328) | 7.1 (6.2–8.2) | 68,382 (56,611–81,595) | 9.2 (7.6–10.9) | 0.98 * (0.69 to 1.27) |
| IOGC | 29,578 (25,111–34,639) | 59.3 (50.3–69.5) | 50,893 (41,026–62,257) | 39.5 (31.8–48.3) | −1.30 * (−1.75 to −0.84) |
| LOGC | 246,831 (217,625–277,992) | 164.6 (145.1–185.4) | 507,214 (428,407–597,285) | 139.3 (117.6–164.0) | −0.32 (−0.67 to 0.03) |
| Eastern Europe | |||||
| EOGC | 9948 (9280–10,298) | 9.0 (8.4–9.3) | 6053 (5379–6793) | 6.2 (5.5–6.9) | −2.26 * (−2.66 to −1.87) |
| IOGC | 9558 (9066–9932) | 60.3 (57.2–62.6) | 3525 (3098–4038) | 27.2 (23.9–31.2) | −3.34 * (−3.66 to −3.02) |
| LOGC | 67,527 (65,586–68,832) | 138.1 (134.2–140.8) | 44,541 (40,280–49,271) | 72.0 (65.1–79.6) | −2.62 * (−2.81 to −2.42) |
| Eastern sub-Saharan Africa | |||||
| EOGC | 1917 (1532–2213) | 2.3 (1.8–2.7) | 2711 (2257–3265) | 1.4 (1.1–1.6) | −2.14 * (−2.27 to −2.01) |
| IOGC | 868 (736–1004) | 18.7 (15.8–21.6) | 1127 (936–1341) | 10.7 (8.9–12.7) | −2.16 * (−2.25 to −2.06) |
| LOGC | 5449 (4774–6059) | 44.8 (39.3–49.8) | 7917 (7025–8913) | 30.7 (27.2–34.6) | −1.44 * (−1.52 to −1.37) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | |||||
| EOGC | 16,695 (16,188–17,190) | 18.0 (17.4–18.5) | 6408 (5628–7283) | 7.9 (6.9–9.0) | −3.08 * (−3.23 to −2.92) |
| IOGC | 9563 (9133–9981) | 92.0 (87.9–96.0) | 4235 (3569–4926) | 31.2 (26.3–36.3) | −3.80 * (−3.97 to −3.64) |
| LOGC | 97,474 (93,352–99,971) | 278.6 (266.8–285.7) | 117,525 (98,815–135,906) | 169.8 (142.8–196.3) | −1.84 * (−1.90 to −1.77) |
| High-income North America | |||||
| EOGC | 2493 (2423–2554) | 1.7 (1.6–1.7) | 2785 (2405–3259) | 1.7 (1.4–2.0) | −0.17 (−0.39 to 0.05) |
| IOGC | 1298 (1254–1343) | 10.2 (9.8–10.5) | 1872 (1578–2211) | 8.0 (6.8–9.5) | −0.76 * (−0.84 to −0.68) |
| LOGC | 26,528 (25,281–27,293) | 45.6 (43.5–47.0) | 32,927 (28,746–37,397) | 30.4 (26.6–34.6) | −1.82 * (−1.96 to −1.67) |
| North Africa and Middle East | |||||
| EOGC | 4441 (3843–4988) | 2.7 (2.4–3.1) | 7272 (6171–8484) | 2.2 (1.8–2.5) | −0.84 * (−1.14 to −0.54) |
| IOGC | 2226 (1779–2407) | 20.7 (17.4–23.5) | 3672 (3153–4263) | 13.2 (11.3–15.3) | −1.53 * (−1.77 to −1.30) |
| LOGC | 16,928 (14,683–18,502) | 59.1 (51.2–64.5) | 31,315 (28,294–34,373) | 43.9 (39.7–48.2) | −0.90 * (−1.06 to −0.74) |
| Oceania | |||||
| EOGC | 126 (95–158) | 4.0 (3.0–5.0) | 294 (212–392) | 4.3 (3.1–5.8) | 0.38 * (0.29 to 0.48) |
| IOGC | 41 (29–56) | 21.4 (15.4–29.1) | 100 (69–139) | 19.7 (13.5–27.4) | −0.19 * (−0.25 to −0.13) |
| LOGC | 252 (200–309) | 52.1 (41.3–63.8) | 543 (423–679) | 47.9 (37.3–59.8) | −0.40 * (−0.47 to −0.32) |
| South Asia | |||||
| EOGC | 14,580 (12,912–16,083) | 2.8 (2.4–3.0) | 21,127 (18,261–24,233) | 2.2 (1.9–2.5) | −0.81 * (−0.90 to −0.73) |
| IOGC | 6075 (5300–6752) | 16.8 (14.7–18.7) | 9650 (8097–11,374) | 12.1 (10.2–14.3) | −1.16 * (−1.44 to −0.88) |
| LOGC | 36,919 (33,052–40,694) | 39.6 (35.4–43.6) | 68,622 (60,511–78,365) | 29.2 (25.8–33.4) | −1.15 * (−1.23 to −1.06) |
| Southeast Asia | |||||
| EOGC | 5693 (4810–6437) | 2.4 (2.0–2.7) | 6354 (5397–7407) | 1.8 (1.5–2.0) | −1.32 * (−1.48 to −1.16) |
| IOGC | 2728 (2339–3126) | 17.2 (14.8–19.7) | 3728 (3151–4364) | 9.7 (8.2–11.4) | −2.05 * (−2.11 to −2.00) |
| LOGC | 19,648 (16,960–21,782) | 46.4 (40.0–51.4) | 29,973 (26,787–33,361) | 28.6 (25.6–31.9) | −1.92 * (−2.02 to −1.83) |
| Southern Latin America | |||||
| EOGC | 845 (810–885) | 3.5 (3.3–3.6) | 916 (704–1197) | 2.7 (2.1–3.5) | −0.88 * (−0.98 to −0.78) |
| IOGC | 536 (500–576) | 24.4 (22.7–26.2) | 583 (425–790) | 15.9 (11.6–21.5) | −1.31 * (−1.40 to −1.22) |
| LOGC | 7075 (6817–7297) | 89.3 (86.1–92.2) | 9195 (7372–11,407) | 65.0 (52.1–80.7) | −1.18 * (−1.27 to −1.09) |
| Southern sub-Saharan Africa | |||||
| EOGC | 562 (514–608) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) | 619 (522–728) | 1.5 (1.2–1.7) | −1.75 * (−2.06 to −1.43) |
| IOGC | 221 (196–250) | 14.4 (12.8–16.4) | 311 (262–372) | 9.7 (8.1–11.5) | −1.32 * (−1.74 to −0.90) |
| LOGC | 1636 (1465–1795) | 36.3 (32.5–39.9) | 2680 (2476–2912) | 28.4 (26.3–30.9) | −1.03 * (−1.43 to −0.63) |
| Tropical Latin America | |||||
| EOGC | 2493 (2410–2578) | 3.2 (3.1–3.3) | 3064 (2911–3226) | 2.6 (2.4–2.7) | −0.73 * (−0.87 to −0.60) |
| IOGC | 1417 (1351–1493) | 26.8 (25.6–28.3) | 1864 (1749–1990) | 14.4 (13.5–15.3) | −2.06 * (−2.14 to −1.99) |
| LOGC | 12,199 (11,659–12,610) | 80.7 (77.1–83.4) | 19,609 (18,270–20,572) | 47.0 (43.8–49.3) | −1.99 * (−2.10 to −1.88) |
| Western Europe | |||||
| EOGC | 6143 (6008–6270) | 3.2 (3.1–3.2) | 4612 (3924–5399) | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | −0.97 * (−1.13 to −0.81) |
| IOGC | 4129 (3966–4295) | 18.0 (17.3–18.7) | 3601 (3031–4261) | 11.2 (9.4–13.2) | −1.59 * (−1.66 to −1.53) |
| LOGC | 83,680 (79,788–85,815) | 86.1 (82.1–88.3) | 78,242 (67,832–88,026) | 54.1 (46.9–60.9) | −1.72 * (−1.79 to −1.65) |
| Western sub-Saharan Africa | |||||
| EOGC | 1321 (1109–1516) | 1.6 (1.3–1.8) | 2389 (1933–2896) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | −1.06 * (−1.13 to −0.99) |
| IOGC | 742 (618–872) | 14.2 (11.8–16.7) | 1266 (1022–1552) | 9.9 (8.0–12.2) | −1.07 * (−1.12 to −1.03) |
| LOGC | 6465 (5634–7235) | 45.0 (39.2–50.4) | 11,307 (9863–12,868) | 37.4 (32.6–42.5) | −0.43 * (−0.52 to −0.33) |
CI, confidence interval; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; EOGC, early-onset gastric cancer (15–49 years); IR, incidence rate; IOGC, intermediate-onset gastric cancer (50–54 years); LOGC, later-onset gastric cancer (≥55 years); UI, uncertainty interval. * Indicates statistical significance.