Term	Explanation
Absolute overshooters	The nations that have overshot their own fair shares of emissions beginning from the first year of calculated period.
Carbon budget	The total cumulative net worldwide anthropogenic CO2 emissions that, after accounting for the impact of other human climatic forcings, would result in limiting global warming to a particular level with a given likelihood.
Carbon-neutral (or carbon neutrality)	The state of balance between emission (from carbon source) and accumulation of carbon (from carbon sinks) in any form, i.e., perfect equilibrium of input and output in terms of amount of carbon.
Climate debt	The amount that one country is alleged to owe another country for the harm that its disproportionately significant climate change contributions have created.
Fair share	The understanding that all peoples have equal rights to resource consumption or emission within the limits of the planet’s carrying capacity.
Food system (FS)	The interrelated systems and processes that have an impact on agriculture, food, nutrition, health, and community development. Growing, harvesting, processing, packaging, shipping, selling, consuming, distributing, and disposing of food and food-related things are all included in this.
Human development index (HDI)	A statistical composite index that ranks nations into four stages of human development (viz., very-high, high, medium, and low) based on life expectancy, education (mean and expected years of schooling), and per capita income indicators.
Material footprint (MF)	The relationship between global material extraction and a nation’s domestic end demand. It is the total of the material footprints for metal ores, non-metal ores, metal ores, biomass, and fossil fuels.
Planetary boundaries (PB) concept	Ten environmental boundaries that will allow mankind to progress and flourish for many more centuries.
Safe climate space (SCS)	The safe operating space related to the planetary boundary of climate change.
Safe operating space (SOS)	A scenario in which Earth’s ability to maintain human life is not in jeopardy and human cultures’ capacity for adaptation is not necessarily overburdened.
Sustainable food system (SFS)	A food system that ensures everyone has access to food security and nutrient-dense food while maintaining the economic, social, and environmental foundations necessary to provide food security and nutrition for both current and future generations.