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. 2022 Oct 26;23(21):12983. doi: 10.3390/ijms232112983

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Valdecoxib reduces the number of PI-positive R28 cells and the cell apoptosis rate in the OGD/R model. R28 cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations of valdecoxib for 4 h. (A) R28 cells in the control group and at multiple time points for the OGD/R model groups, stained with PI (red) and Hoechest (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. (B) Proportion of PI-positive R28 cells in the control group and OGD/R 0 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h and 12 h groups. (C) CCK-8 was used to detect R28 cells’ survival rates in the control group, OGD/R group and OGD/R groups pretreated with valdecoxib of different concentrations. The data show a significant increase in the cell survival rate observed at the concentrations of 1 and 5 μm VAL compared to the OGD/R group. (D) R28 cells in the control, OGD/R and OGD/R+VAL groups, stained with PI (red) and Hoechest (blue). Scale bar = 50 μm. (E–H) Valdecoxib reduced the cell apoptosis rate in the OGD/R model as measured by annexin V-FITC/PI staining and flow cytometry analysis. Q3: early apoptosis, Q2: late apoptosis. The untreated control group is assigned a survival rate of 100%. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. **** p < 0.0001, ** p < 0.01 vs. control group in Figure 1B. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group, ## p < 0.01, ### p < 0.001 vs. OGD/R group in Figure 1C. ** p < 0.01 vs. control group, # p < 0.05 vs. OGD/R group in Figure 1H.