Table 1.
Patients with non-prostate cancer treated with PSMA RLT.
| Cancer Type | Histotype (n. of pts) |
PSMA PET Findings (n. of pts) | Criteria for Eligibility to RLT | Dose × n. Cycles (n. of pts) | Clinical/Biochemical Response (n. of pts) |
Radiological Response (n. of pts) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salivary gland cancer | AdCC (4) | Lung metastases (2) Liver metastases (1) Bone metastases (1) Locoregional recurrence (1) |
PSMA uptake > normal liver on PET imaging | 6–7.4 GBq × 2 (2) 6–7.4GBq × 4 (2) |
Symptom relief (3) PD (1) |
Stable lung lesions, minimal progression of liver metastases (1) SD (1) PD (2) |
[15] |
| Adenocarcinoma NOS (1) | Bone metastases | PSMA uptake > normal liver on PET imaging | 6–7.4 GBq × 1 | Treatment was discontinued due to side-effect development (fatigue, xerostomia) | N.A. | [15] | |
| Acinar cell carcinoma (1) | Inguinal lymph nodes Lung metastases Bone metastases |
PSMA uptake > normal liver on PET imaging | 6–7.4 GBq × 2 | Significant pain relief but treatment was discontinued due to side-effect development (fatigue, xerostomia) | PD | [15] | |
| Thyroid cancer | RrDTC (1) | Neck and lung metastases | PSMA+ lesions (no other criteria for eligibility were specified) | 7.4 GBq × 1 | N.A. Patient died after 2 weeks due to cardiac arrest |
N.A. | [27] |
| RrDTC (2) | Neck metastases (2) Lung metastases (2) Liver metastases (1) |
PSMA+ lesions (no other criteria for eligibility were specified) | 6 GBq × 2 | Slightly temporary (7 months) decrease in Tg levels (1) Increase in Tg levels (1) |
PR (1) PD (1) |
[21] | |
| PDTC (1) | Bone metastases | PSMA+ lesions (no other criteria for eligibility were specified) | 6.3 Gbq × 1 and 7.4 Gbq × 1 |
Temporary (7 months) stable Tg levels | Temporary SD followed by appearance of FDG positive lesions | [20] | |
| Liver cancer | HCC (2) | Liver lesions (2) | PSMA+ lesions (no other criteria for eligibility were specified) | 5.9–6.2 GBq × 1 | N.A. Treatment was discontinued due to poor dosimetry at SPECT/CT |
N.A. | [35] |
| Brain cancer | GBM (1) | Right parietal mass | PSMA uptake > normal liver on PET imaging in patients not eligible for surgery or who refused RT/CHT | 8.4 GBq × 1 | N.A. | Increased uptake on SPECT imaging after therapy but no radiological FU was reported | [56] |
| GBM (1) | Left temporal nodular lesion extending to left gangliocapsular region | PSMA uptake > normal liver on PET imaging in patients not eligible for surgery or who refused RT/CHT | 3.7 GBq × 3 | Improvements in QoL and pain relief | Significant reduction in lesion size at restaging MRI | [57] | |
| Breast cancer | Triple negative breast cancer (1) | Local recurrence and metastatic lymph nodes |
PSMA+ lesions (no other criteria for eligibility were specified) | 7.5 GBq × 2 | PD | PD after the second cycle | [58] |
| Testicular Cancer | Testicular mixed germ cell tumor (1) | Bone, liver, lymph nodes, lung metastases | PSMA+ lesions (no other criteria for eligibility were specified) | 7.5 GBq × 1 | Increased α-fetoprotein levels | PD | [108] |
List of abbreviations: RLT: radioligand therapy; GBq: gigabequerel; N.A.: not available; SD: stable disease; PD: progression disease; PR: partial response; AdCC: adenocistic carcinoma; NOS: not otherwise specified; RrDTC: radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer; PTC: papillary thyroid carcinoma; PDTC: poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma; Tg: tireoglobulin; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma; GBM: glioblastoma multiforme; FU: follow-up; RT: radiotherapy; CHT: chemotherapy; QoL: quality of life; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging.