Table 1.
Correlation between PD and MetS.
| Periodontal Disease Parameters |
Metabolic Disease Parameters |
Study Design | Author & Year | The Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PD, CAL, ABL, tooth Mobility |
BP, TG, FPG, HDL, and WC. | Longitudinal study Study duration: 33 years sample size: 760 |
Kaye et al., 2016 [72] | PD may be exacerbated or developed as a result of MetS. |
| PD and ABL | HDL, BP, WC, FPG, and TG, | Longitudinal study Study duration: 15 years Sample size: 1964 |
Tegelberg et al., 2019 [73] | PD was linked to MetS in an exposure-dependent manner. |
| PD (CPI) | BMI, BP, TG, HDL, TC, and FPG. | Longitudinal study Study duration: 4 years Sample size: 1964 |
Morita et al., 2010 [74] | PD was linked to greater conversion of MetS components. |
| CPI | BP, FPG, TG, HDL, and WC. | Longitudinal study Study duration: 2 years Sample size: 390 |
Sakurai et al., 2019 [75] | Positive MetS components were more prevalent in those with progressive PD than in those without/improved PD. |
| BOP, PD, Plaque, Recession |
CRP, FPG, TG, TC, LDL, Pregnancy, weight, BMI, BP, HbA1c, and HDL |
Longitudinal study Study duration: 3 years Sample size: 188 |
Bullon et al., 2009 [76] | PD and MetS are linked. |
| CPI | HDL, BP, WC, FPG, and TG. | Longitudinal study Study duration: 1 year Sample size: 136 |
Adachi et al., 2020 [77] | The development of the MetS did not appear to be connected to periodontitis. |
| CAL, BOP, PD | TG, WC, FPG, HDL, and BP. |
Longitudinal study Study duration: 8/16 year Sample size: 539 |
Nascimento et al., 2019 [78] |
MetS and PD showed a favourable link when latent variables were used to account for the many aspects of each disease. In terms of observable characteristics, MetS and PD were not linked. |
| CPI | HDL, and FPG Abd obesity, BP, and TG, | Longitudinal study Study duration: 3 years. Sample size:125 |
Iwasaki et al., 2015 [79] | The MetS have been linked to a higher risk of PD in older Japanese adults. |
| PD, CAL, BOP, and PI |
HDL, Abd obesity, FPG/or T2DM, TG, and BP |
Case-control No of patients: 208 Age of the patients: 37 to 78 |
Li et al., 2009 [80] | PD was known to be correlated with MetS even when other risk factors were treated in patients with the condition. |
| CPI | FPG, dyslipidemia, BP, and BMI | Cross-sectional No pf patients: 1315 Age of the patients: 30 to 92 |
Borges et al., 2007 [81] | PD patients had a higher prevalence of MetS, although the difference was not statistically significant. |
| CAL, GI, PD, and PI | HDL, TG TC, BP, FPG, and WC | Case-control No of patients:156 Age of the patients: ≥25 or above |
Khader et al., 2008 [82] | Compared to patients without MetS, patients with MetS had more frequent and severe periodontitis. |
| CAL and PD. | TG, BP, FPG, Abd obesity, and HDL | Case-control No of patients: 584 Age of the patients:40 to 79 |
Shimazaki et al., 2007 [70] | MetS increases the risk of PD. |
| PD and BOP | HDL. BP, TG, WC, and insulin resistance | Cross-sectional No of patients: 13,677 Age of the patients: ≥17 |
D’Aiuto et al., 2008 [83] | Severe PD has been connected to MetS in adults in their mid-twenties. |
| PD. | TG, HDL, FPG/or Med, Abd obesity and B.P./or Med. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 7431 Age of the patients:20 to 90 |
Andriankaja et al., 2007 [84] | In females, this research revealed a substantial correlation between MetS and periodontitis. It was found that both sexes were affected by abdominal obesity as a metabolic factor. |
| CPI | TG, WC, BP, HDL. TC, FPG, BMI, and HbA1c. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 2478 Age of the patients: 24 to 60 |
Morita et al., 2010 [74] | In Japanese employees aged 20 to 60, there was a link between periodontal disease and MetS. |
| CPI | BP, HDL, FPG, TG, and obesity | Cross-sectional No of patients: 1070 Age of the patients: 40 to 70 |
Kushiyama et al., 2009 [85] | The more MetS components, the worse the situation. and the greater the risk of developing severe periodontitis. |
| CAL, PD, PI, and GI | BP, HDL, WC, TG, and FPG |
Cross-sectional No of patients: 276 Age of the patients:35 to 74 |
Benguigui et al., 2010 [86] | Diabetes and PD are linked, with insulin resistance playing a significant role. |
| PD | BP, Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and Abd obesity |
Cross-sectional No of patients: 20 & 50 Age of the patients: 30 to 64 |
Timonen et al., 2010 [87] | Numerous components of the MetS were shown to be weakly linked to periodontal disease and dental caries in this research. |
| PD, BOP, and calculus | FPG, BP, Abd obesity, TG, and HDL | Cross-sectional No of patients: 1046 Age of the patients: ≥18 |
Han et al., 2010 [88] | PD and MetS may be linked. Age, gender, and smoking all played a significant role. The MetS with elevated glucose and hypertension had a more substantial impact. |
| BOP, CAL, and PD | FNG, HDL, T.G., W.C., and B.P. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 2370 Age of the patients: 40 to 79 |
Furuta et al., 2013 [89] | There appear to be gender disparities in PD and MetS. As a result of MetS, women may be more susceptible to developing PD compared to men |
| GI, PI, and PDI | WC, BP, TG, HDL, FPG, or T2DM and TC. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 253 Age of the patients: >18 |
Chen et al., 2011 [90] | In haemodialysis patients, moderate-to-severe PD is linked to MetS. |
| ABL | TG, FPG, WC, and BP. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 190 Age of the patients: mean: 56.8 ± 12 |
Nesbitt et al., 2010 [91] | Individuals with symptomatic PD had a 2.5 times higher chance of developing MetS. |
| CAL, and PD | BP, FPG, TG, and HDL and obesity | Cross-sectional No of patients: 6421 Age of the patients: 34 to 77 |
Fukui et al., 2012 [92] | Periodontal health is linked to MetS, especially in people suspected of having an untreated, periodontal disease. |
| PD | BP, HDL, WC, FPG, and TG. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 7178 Age of the patients: ≥19 |
Kwon et al., 2011 [93] | PD had a 1.55 odds ratio of being related to MetS. |
| PD, CAL, and ABL | TG, FPG or Med, HDL, Abd obesity, BP or Med, |
Cross-sectional No of patients: 657 Age of the patients: 50 to 79 |
LaMonte et al., 2014 [94] | In this group of postmenopausal women, there was no consistent relationship in terms of MetS and periodontitis. |
| CAL and PD. | BP, dyslipidemia, BP and WC | Cross-sectional No of patients: 234 Age of the patients: ≥80 |
Minagawa et al., 2015 [95] | The researchers discovered a link between PD and MetS. |
| CAL, BOP, and PD | BP, HDL, WC, FPG, and TG. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 419 Age of the patients: 24 to 89 |
Gomes-Filho et al., 2016 [96] |
The findings of this study suggest that severe PD is associated with MetS and vice versa. |
| BOP GI, PI, PD, and CAL | BP Glucose tolerance TG, HDL, and BMI | Case-control No of patients: 651 Age of the patients: |
Jaramillo et al., 2017 [97] | PD and MetS have a positive relationship. The adjusted odds ratio is 2.72. Glucose sensitivity is a strongly related factor. |
| CAL and PD. | TG, HDL, BMI, WC, BP, and FPG | Cross-sectional No of patients: 5078 Age of the patients: 50 to 94 |
Kim et al., 2018 [98] | The MetS was shown to be more common among Korean people whose PD had worsened. |
| CAL, PI, BOP, and PD | TGs LDL, BP and/ or WC |
Case-control No of patients: Case: 122 Controls: 366 Age of the patients: |
Campos et al., 2020 [99] | There is a greater prevalence, severity, and development of PD among persons with MetS. |
| BOP, Plaque, PD, and CAL |
BP, FPG (OGTT), HDL, TG, and Abd obesity |
Cross-sectional No of patients: 283 Age of the patients: 26 to 87 |
Sora et al., 2013 [100] | The MetS are associated with the severity of PD in this Gullah group of people with type 2 diabetes. |
| CAL, BOP, and PD | HDL, BP, FPG, WC, and TG, | Cross-sectional No of patients: 125 Age of the patients: 35 to 76 |
Thanakun et al., 2014 [101] | Severe PD was connected to MetS in this Thai population. |
| CPI | FPG, HDL, Abd obesity, BP, and TG. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 125 Age of the patients: 35 to 76 |
Chen et al., 2010 [88] | MetS was prevalent enough to be deemed a medical disorder, and it was associated with PD. |
| BOP. PI, GI, PD, and CAL |
TG, BP HDL, FPG and WC |
Cross sectional No of patients: 363 Age of the patients: 18 to 81 |
Musskopf et al., 2017 [102] | PD and MetS have a weak relationship. The correlation is seen in people between the ages of 41 and 60. |
| CPI | HDL, TG and Med, FPG/and BP and Med | Cross-sectional No of patients: 1856 Age of the patients: mean: 66.4 |
Kikui et al., 2017 [103] | PD is linked to MetS and low HDL cholesterol. PD was found to be more common in people who had two or more MetS components. |
| BOP, CAL, PI, GI, and PD | FPG, BMI, WC, HDL, and BP. | Cross-sectional No of patients: 412 Age of the patients: mean: 57.8 ± 5.7 |
Pham et al., 2018 [104] | The severity and extent of PD raised with the number of MetS components. Periodontal variables were connected to increased MetS risk. |
| CPI | HDL TG, Obesity, BP and FPG |
Cross-sectional No of patients: 1070 Age of the patients: 40 to 70 |
Kushiyama et al., 2019 [85] |
The more components of the MetS present, the greater the chance of developing severe PD. |
| CAL of ≥ 3mm and ≥4 teeth with ≥ 4mm | HDL, Abd obesity, TG, FPG and BP. |
Longitudinal study Duration: 1 year No of patients: 165 Age of the patients: 35 to 65 |
Lopez et al., 2012 [105] |
MetS patients who underwent root planning, systemic antibiotics, plaque removal, and subgingival scaling after nine months had lower CRP levels. |