ACOX	acyl-CoA oxidase
AD	Alzheimer disease
ALS	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AP	action potential
AP-1	activator protein 1
ALP	autophagy-lysosome or autolysosome pathway
AQP4	aquaporin 4
αSyn	α-synuclein
BA	bile acids
BAM	border-associated macrophages
BBB	blood-brain barrier
BG-PVS	perivascular space of the basal ganglia
c-ABL	Abl kinase
CAA	cerebral amyloid angiopathy
CNS	central nervous system
COMT	catechol O-methyltransferase
CPF	chlorpyrifos
DA	dopamine
DAO	D-amino-acid oxidase
DAMP	damage-associated molecular patterns
DATs	dopamine transporters
DBS	deep brain stimulation
DDH1 or AKR1C1	dihydrodiol dehydrogenase
DDO	D-aspartate oxidase
DLB	dementia with Lewy bodies
DMT2	type 2 diabetes
DNMTs	DNA methyltransferases
DMV	dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
DOPAL	3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde
DSCs	disease-specific single-nucleotide changes
DTI-ALPS	diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space
EECs	enteroendocrine cells
EET	epoxyeicosatrienoic acids
EC	endothelial cells
ENS	enteric nervous system
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
ETC	electron transport chain
EVs	erythrocyte vesicles
FAO	fatty acid β-oxidation
FHC	ferritin heavy chain
FMT	fecal microbial flora transplantation
FOS	fructo-oligosaccharides
GABA	γ-aminobutyric acid
GBA1	lysosomal glucocerebrosidase
GCase 1	β-glucocerebrosidase 1
GI	gastrointestinal tract
GOS	galacto-oligosaccharides
GPx	glutathione peroxidase
GST-Pi	glutathione-S-transferase Pi
GWAS	genome-wide association study
HAO	L-α-hydroxyacid oxidase
HDAC	histone deacetylase
5-HT	5-hydroxytryptamine, serotonin
ICAM-1	Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1
ICDH	isocitrate dehydrogenase
IL-1β	interleukin-1β
iLBD	incidental LB disease
IMM	inner mitochondrial membrane
IMS	intermediate syndrome
InsP3R	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors
Kir6	ATP-sensitive K+ channels
LB	Lewy bodies
LC	locus coeruleus
LRRK2	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
LPS	lipopolysaccharide
LRRK2	leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
LTCCs	L-type calcium channels
LUHMES	Lund human mesencephalic cells
MAM	mitochondria-associated membranes
MAO	monoamine oxidase
MAO-B	monoamine oxidase B
MCh	mitochondria
MCP-1	monocyte chemotactic protein-1
miRNA	microRNA
MMP-9	matrix metalloproteinase-9
mPTP	mitochondrial permeability transition pore
MPTP	1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine
MPP+	1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium
MT3	metallothionein-3
NAC	non-amyloid-β component
NAM	niacinamide
NC	nucleus caudatus, caudate nucleus
ncRNA	non-coding RNA
NO	nitric oxide
Nogo-B	Neurite outgrowth inhibitor-B
NOX	NADPH oxidases
3-NPA	3-nitropropionic acid
nt	nucleotides
NVU	neurovascular unit
OGDH	oxoglutarate dehydrogenase
6-OHDA	6-hydroxydopamine
OMM	outer mitochondrial membrane
OPs	organophosphates
OPIDP	organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy
OSC	organosulfur compounds
PAI-1	plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
PAOX	polyamine oxidase
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PDD	Parkinson’s disease dementia
PDH	pyruvate dehydrogenase
PFFs	pre-formed fibrils
PINK1	phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced kinase 1
PIPOX	L-pipecolic acid oxidase
PKA	protein kinase A
PMCA	plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase
PNS	peripheral nervous system
PON-1	paraoxonase-1
PP2A	protein phosphatase 2A
PrP	prion proteins
PVM	perivascular macrophages
ROS	reactive oxygen species
SCFA	short-chain fatty acids
sHsps	small heat shock proteins
SN	substantia nigra
SNpc	substantia nigra pars compacta
SOD	superoxide dismutase
TJ	tight junction
TM	thrombomodulin
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor alpha
TOM	translocase of the outer membrane
TOM-CC	TOM core complex
tPA	tissue plasminogen activator
TUDCA	tauro ursodesoxy cholic acid
UDCA	ursodesoxy cholic acid
VCAM-1	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1
VDAC	voltage-dependent anion channel
VEGFR	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
VMAT2	vesicular monoamine transporter 2
VPS35	vacuolar protein sorting ortholog 35, involved in autophagy
VTA	ventral tegmental area
vWF	von Willebrand factor
WPB	Weibel-Palade bodies
XO	xanthine oxidase
ZO-1	zonula occludens-1