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. 2022 Oct 27;23(21):13043. doi: 10.3390/ijms232113043

Table 1.

Endothelial cell functions in relation to pathogenesis of PD.

Physiological Functions Regulatory Factors Involvement in Pathogenesis of PD
Inflammation IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, MCP-1, Complement activation, Oxidative stress [224,225,226,227,228,229]
Leukocyte trafficking ICAM1, VCAM, E-selectin [196,228,230]
Haemostasis and coagulation Anticoagulant factors: TM, tPA, PGI2 Procoagulant factors: vWF, TXA2, PAI1 [143,231,232,233,234,235,236]
Control of VSMC and pericytes, Vascular tone Microparticles, Jagged-1/NOTCH-1, miR-126, NO [228,237,238,239,240,241,242,243]
Vascular permeability, Angiogenesis and Metabolism VEGF/VEGFR, HIF activation, Nogo-B, Glutamate metabolism, Jagged-1/NOTCH-1 [227,230,238,244,245,246,247,248,249,250]