Figure 5.

Chronic 3HB exposure induces contractile dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. ARCMs were cultured for 24 h under various conditions, being low palmitate medium (LP; control condition), high palmitate medium (HP), LP with 3 mM 3HB (3HB) or 3 mM acetoacetate (AcAc), and LP with 3HB in the presence of 4*KLR (3HB/4*KLR). The contractile parameters (A) sarcomere shortening, (B) time to peak and (C) decay time were deduced during electrostimulation at 1 Hz frequency (n = 4; imaging of 10 cells/measurement condition). Bar values are means ± SEM. * p < 0.05. The dots represent the measurements that are performed under ‘basal’ condition. The triangles represent the measurements that are performed after insulin stimulation.