Table 2.
Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease according to daily fruit–vegetable intake.
| Cases/Participants (n/n, %) | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | ||
| Fruit–vegetable intake | |||||||||
| <500 g/day | 714/1274 (56.04) |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| ≥500 g/day | 731/1393 (52.47) |
0.91 (0.75, 1.09) | 0.302 | 0.90 (0.75, 1.09) | 0.296 | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.257 | 0.89 (0.73, 1.09) | 0.252 |
| Fruit intake | |||||||||
| <200 g/day | 976/1865 (52.33) |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 200–400 g/day | 338/583 (57.98) |
1.23 (1.01, 1.49) | 0.037 * | 1.16 (0.96, 1.41) | 0.130 | 1.10 (0.90, 1.36) | 0.358 | 1.08 (0.88, 1.33) | 0.462 |
| >400 g/day | 131/219 (59.82) |
1.48 (1.10, 1.98) | 0.009 * | 1.39 (1.03, 1.86) | 0.030 * | 1.18 (0.86, 1.62) | 0.316 | 1.15 (0.84, 1.59) | 0.388 |
| Vegetable intake | |||||||||
| <200 g/day | 222/354 (62.71) |
Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||
| 200–400 g/day | 580/1055 (54.98) |
0.68 (0.53, 0.88) | 0.004 * | 0.72 (0.55, 0.93) | 0.013 * | 0.73 (0.56, 0.96) | 0.027* | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | 0.032 * |
| >400 g/day | 643/1258 (51.11) |
0.59 (0.46, 0.75) | 0.000 * | 0.65 (0.50, 0.84) | 0.001 * | 0.66 (0.50, 0.86) | 0.002* | 0.67 (0.51, 0.88) | 0.004 * |
Model 1: Not adjusted; Model 2: Adjusted for demographic parameters (age, sex, educational attainment), anthropometric parameters (BMI, WC, HC, BP) and diabetes duration; Model 3: Adjusted for the variables in Model 2 plus family history, lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking, physical activity level) and food intake (the consumption of bean products, salt, fish and sugary beverages); Model 4: Adjusted for the variables in Model 3 plus biochemical index values (HbA1c, ALT, AST and serum lipid levels). * The difference was significant compared to reference groups (p < 0.05).