Table 1.
Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants.
| Variable | All (n = 85) | Counselling (n = 39) |
Exercise (n = 46) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.4 (4.2) | 33.6 (4.2) | 33.22 (4.2) |
| Mediterranean diet adherence | 21.2 (4.9) | 19.8 (5.2) | 22.4 (4.2) |
| Percentage of attendance a | 85.5 (7.5) | ||
| Pregestational body mass index (n = 83) | 23.7 (3.7) | 23.0 (3.1) | 24.2 (4.1) |
| Gestational weight gain b | 11.3 (4.9) | 13.4 (4.5) | 9.4 (4.4) |
| Lower back pain (VAS) | 19.6 (22.9) | 17.8 (23.8) | 21.3 (22.3) |
| Postpartum depression | |||
| Edinburgh (0–30) | 5.9 (4.2) | - | - |
| Edinburgh ≥10 (yes, n [%]) | 14 (16.5) | 6 (15.4) | 8 (17.4) |
| Education | n (%) | ||
| Low | 7 (8.2) | 3 (7.7) | 4 (8.7) |
| Medium | 19 (22.4) | 6 (15.4) | 13 (28.3) |
| High | 59 (69.4) | 30 (76.9) | 29 (63.0) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/with partner | 52 (61.2) | 24 (61.5) | 28 (60.9) |
| Divorced/single/widow | 33 (38.8) | 15 (38.5) | 18 (39.1) |
| Working status | |||
| Working | 61 (71.8) | 29 (74.4) | 32 (69.6) |
| Not working | 24 (28.2) | 10 (25.6) | 14 (30.4) |
| Number of miscarriages | |||
| 0 | 49 (57.6) | 21(53.8) | 28 (60.9) |
| 1 | 26 (30.6) | 10 (25.6) | 16 (34.8) |
| 2 | 8 (9.4) | 7 (17.9) | 1 (2.2) |
| 3 | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) |
| Smoking (yes, n [%]) | 6 (7.1) | 5 (12.8) | 1 (2.2) |
| Diagnosis of depression/anxiety (yes, n [%]) | 2 (2.4) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (2.2) |
Data presented as mean (SD) or frequency (%). SD, standard deviation; VAS, visual analogue scale. a When considering women on an intention-to-treat basis, the average percentage of attendance was 77.5%. b Weight at the 34th gestational week−pre-pregnancy weight.