Table 2.
Adjusted associationsa between indoor and outdoor greenery and depressive symptoms.
| Model 1: Indoor greenery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure metrics | Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) | Depression (PHQ-9≥10) | |||
| Beta (95% CI) | p-value | VIF | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| House plants | −0.15 (-0.55, -0.04) | 0.02 | 1.98 | 0.91 (0.83,1.00) | 0.05 |
| Gardening activities | −0.10 (−0.42,0.07) | 0.15 | 2.10 | 0.94 (0.86, 1.03) | 0.20 |
| Digital nature | −0.20 (-0.68, -0.24) | 0.00 | 1.10 | 0.85 (0.78, 0.93) | 0.00 |
| Green view | −0.24 (-9.35, -4.11) | 0.00 | 1.06 | 0.25 (0.01, 0.71) | 0.01 |
|
Model 2: Outdoor greenery | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exposure metrics | Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) | Depression (PHQ-9≥10) | |||
| Beta (95% CI) | p-value | VIF | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
| Vegetative cover | −0.16(-14.30, -3.77) | 0.00 | 1.41 | 0.25 (0.02, 2.94) | 0.27 |
| Perceived greenery quality | −0.49(-1.23, -0.83) | 0.00 | 1.39 | 0.71 (0.64,0.79) | 0.00 |
a Coefficients are standardized linear regression coefficients (beta) or odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals adjusted for gender, age, education, and income. Betas/ORs with significant p-values (p < .05) are shown in bold.