Table 5.
Direct/indirect effect between greenery exposure outdoors/indoors and depressive symptoms.
| Path relationship | Estimates | Boot SE | p-value | Bias-corrected 95%CI | Percentile 95%CI | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HP→DEP | −0.086 | 0.053 | 0.114 | −0.191 | 0.021 | −0.192 | 0.021 |
| HP→RS→CF→DEP | −0.003 | 0.003 | 0.081 | −0.011 | 0 | −0.009 | 0.001 |
| HP→CF→DEP | −0.001 | 0.009 | 0.767 | −0.023 | 0.016 | −0.021 | 0.019 |
| HP→RS→LON→DEP | −0.001 | 0.004 | 0.679 | −0.013 | 0.006 | −0.01 | 0.008 |
| HP→LON→DEP | −0.026 | 0.038 | 0.474 | −0.1 | 0.05 | −0.099 | 0.052 |
| GA→DEP | −0.062 | 0.054 | 0.255 | −0.169 | 0.046 | −0.169 | 0.046 |
| GA→RS→CF→DEP | −0.004 | 0.003 | 0.008 | −0.014 | −0.001 | −0.012 | −0.001 |
| GA→CF→DEP | 0.016 | 0.011 | 0.053 | −0.001 | 0.049 | −0.002 | 0.042 |
| GA→RS→LON→DEP | −0.001 | 0.006 | 0.797 | −0.015 | 0.01 | −0.014 | 0.011 |
| GA→LON→DEP | −0.048 | 0.041 | 0.244 | −0.128 | 0.034 | −0.13 | 0.032 |
| DN→DEP | −0.067 | 0.042 | 0.106 | −0.151 | 0.012 | −0.151 | 0.012 |
| DN→RS→CF→DEP | −0.011 | 0.006 | 0.005 | −0.027 | −0.003 | −0.025 | −0.002 |
| DN→CF→DEP | −0.008 | 0.008 | 0.169 | −0.028 | 0.005 | −0.025 | 0.008 |
| DN→RS→LON→DEP | −0.002 | 0.015 | 0.863 | −0.032 | 0.026 | −0.032 | 0.026 |
| DN→LON→DEP | −0.037 | 0.031 | 0.221 | −0.1 | 0.023 | −0.1 | 0.023 |
| GV→DEP | 0.044 | 0.043 | 0.295 | −0.04 | 0.128 | −0.041 | 0.127 |
| GV→RS→CF→DEP | −0.002 | 0.002 | 0.042 | −0.009 | −0.001 | −0.008 | −0.01 |
| GV→CF→DEP | 0.004 | 0.008 | 0.48 | −0.01 | 0.023 | −0.011 | 0.021 |
| GV→RS→LON→DEP | −0.001 | 0.004 | 0.71 | −0.012 | 0.006 | −0.01 | 0.007 |
| GV→LON→DEP | −0.038 | 0.03 | 0.211 | −0.096 | 0.02 | −0.096 | 0.02 |
| VC→DEP | −0.067 | 0.045 | 0.153 | −0.153 | 0.023 | −0.154 | 0.022 |
| VC→RS→CF→DEP | −0.005 | 0.003 | 0.004 | −0.015 | −0.001 | −0.012 | −0.001 |
| VC→CF→DEP | −0.014 | 0.01 | 0.051 | −0.044 | 0.001 | −0.038 | 0.002 |
| VC→RS→LON→DEP | −0.001 | 0.007 | 0.811 | −0.015 | 0.012 | −0.014 | 0.014 |
| VC→LON→DEP | −0.045 | 0.031 | 0.149 | −0.106 | 0.016 | −0.107 | 0.016 |
| PQ→DEP | −0.205 | 0.054 | 0.001 | −0.309 | −0.099 | −0.308 | −0.096 |
| PQ→RS→CF→DEP | −0.006 | 0.004 | 0.005 | −0.018 | −0.001 | −0.016 | −0.001 |
| PQ→CF→DEP | −0.044 | 0.02 | 0.007 | −0.093 | −0.011 | −0.09 | −0.01 |
| PQ→RS→LON→DEP | −0.001 | 0.008 | 0.821 | −0.02 | 0.012 | −0.019 | 0.013 |
| PQ→LON→DEP | −0.174 | 0.04 | 0 | −0.262 | −0.101 | −0.261 | −0.101 |
Note: HP, house plants; VC, vegetative cover; PQ, perceived quality of community's greenery; GV, green view through windows; GA, gardening activities; DN, digital nature; RS, restorativeness; CF, COVID-19 fear; LON: loneliness; DEP: depressive symptoms. 5000 bootstrap samples. Estimates with significant p-values (p < .05) are shown in bold.