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. 2022 Oct 26;14(21):5244. doi: 10.3390/cancers14215244

Table 2.

Conventional therapeutic strategies for CNS tumors before and after 2016.

Tumor Type Before 2016 After 2016
Standard Treatment Outcomes New Therapeutic Approaches Outcomes
Medulloblastoma Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy
  • -

    Posterior fossa syndrome.

  • -

    Neurocognitive impairment following RT.

  • -

    Secondary malignancies.
  • -

    RT and chemotherapy dose reduction.

  • -

    SMO inhibition for SHH.

  • -

    Small molecule inhibitors.

  • -

    HDAC and bromodomain inhibitors.

 Better therapeutic effects in adults versus children.
Glioma
  • -

    RT and surgical resection.

  • -

    Chemotherapy.
  • -

    RT-induced injuries.

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    High toxicity.

  • -

    High morbidity risk.

 Targeted therapies such as erlotinib and ematinib. Minimal benefits for pediatric AA and GBM.
Ependymoma
  • -

    Surgical resection followed by radiation.

  • -

    Chemotherapy.
  • -

    High recurrence rate.

  • -

    Radiation in children <3 years is controversial.

  • -

    Treatment-induced dysfunctions.

 Epigenetic demethylation drugs. Under clinical research