Figure 4.

Mechanics of large diameter acellular scaffolds show strain-rate dependence and energy loss lessened with angled vs. parallel fibers. (A) Stress–strain curves generated from cyclic tensile testing of scaffolds at strain rates of 0.1, 1, and 10 percent strain/second. (B) Young’s modulus of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° scaffolds at three different strain rates. (C) Hysteresis of 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° scaffolds, calculated as the area between the loading and unloading curves for the three strain rates (*, **, and *** indicate p ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively).