Table 1.

Meta-analyses for follow-up observations comparing mindfulness with control.

Characteristic	SMD (95% CI)	p-Value	Studies
IBS-SSS	−20.2 (−71.57–31.17)	0.441	[17]
IBS-QOL	7.41 (95% CI 1.19–13.63)	p = 0.02	[15,17,20]
IBS-PS	−2.51 (−6.7–1.69)	0.241	[15,17]
Spiritual scale	2.1 (−2.07–6.27)	0.324	[17]
Anxiety	−3.49 (−12.43–5.45)	0.445	[15,17]
Pain	−14.38 (−40.88–12.12)	0.288	[15]
Visceral sensitivity index	9.39 (−5.81–24.59)	0.226	[15]

IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; SSS, symptom severityscore; QOL, quality of life; SMD, standardized mean difference; CI, confidence interval.