Table 2.

Table of gene mutations associated with diseases inducing spinal stenosis. Unknown (UK) associations are also noted.

Disease	Gene Name	Gene ID	Reference SNP	Location	Variation Type	Alleles	Associated Signaling Factors	Refs.	Other Conditions Associated with Allele
Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament	TGF-β1	7040	rs1800470	19p:41353016	SNV	G > A, C	TGF-β1	[7,8]	Cystic fibrosis [9]
	BMP2	650	rs1555785715	20p:6778468	SNV	G > T	BMP2	[8]	Facial dysmorphism [10]
Hypertrophy and ossification of the ligamentum flavum	UK	UK	UK	UK	UK	UK	Hedgehog and BMP	[11]	UK
	TGF-β1	7040	UK	UK	UK	UK	TGF-β1	[12]	UK
FJ osteoarthritis	TGF-β1	7040	UK	UK	UK	UK	TGF-β1	[13]	UK
	FOXC1	2296	UK	UK	UK	UK	Wnt/β-catenin	[14]	UK
IVD herniation	COL1A1	1277	rs1800012	17p:50200388	SNV	C > A	COL1	[15]	Arthrochalasia, Type 1 [16]
	COL1A2	1278	UK	UK	UK	UK	COL1	[17]	Ehlers-Danlos syndrome [18]
Achondroplasia	FGFR3	2261	rs28931614	4p:1804392	SNV	G > A, C	FGFR3	[19]	Decreased bone elongation [19]
	FGFR3	2261	rs267606809	4p:1804384	SNV	T > C, G	FGFR3	[20]	Upper airway obstruction [20]
	FGFR3	2261	rs121913114	4p:1801930	SNV	A > G, T	FGFR3	[20]	Pulmonary hypoplasia [20]
	FGFR3	2261	rs75790268	4p:1804377	SNV	G > T	FGFR3	[20]	Rhizomelia [20]