Figure 5.

Lm requires surface vimentin for entry into HBMEC. HBMEC grown in chamber slides (A) and HIBCPP cells grown in the inverted cell culture filter system (B) were pre-incubated with WitA (/, 1 µM, 5 µM or 10 µM) for 0.5 h and subsequently infected with wild-type Lm EGD-e (MOI = 10) and co-incubated for 4 h. Invasion rates were determined using double immunofluorescence microscopy. Shown is the relative bacterial invasion normalized to the untreated control. The results of at least three independent experiments performed at least in duplicate are shown. ** = very significant (p < 0.01), ns = not significant (significance determined in relation to the invasion of the wild-type bacteria).