Table 5.
Antioxidant activities assessed by DPPH, TEAC and NBT assays for major individual compounds isolated from the aerial parts of G. rivale L.
| Compound | DPPH Normalized Activity, % | TEAC, μmol/L Trolox eq./μg |
NBT Assay, nmol of O2•−/min |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide | 76.452 ± 0.890 | 0.519 ± 0.057 | 7.667 ± 0.96 |
| Isorhamnetin-bis-3,7-O-β-D-glucuronide | 75.557 ± 1.784 | 0.611 ± 0.039 | 3.477 ± 0.576 |
| 3-O-Methylellagic acid | 93.675 ± 0.890 | 2.963 ± 0.024 | 6.027 ± 0.870 |
| 6″-(4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-astragalin | 80.827 ± 1.250 | 0.796 ± 0.024 | 1.813 ± 0.540 |
| Kaempferol-bis-3,7-O-β-D-glucuronide | 99.483 ± 2.512 | 0.815 ± 0.029 | 4.649 ± 0.598 |
| Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide | 86.993 ± 1.867 | 0.019 ± 0.014 | 7.387 ± 0.563 |
| Caffeoyl malate | 80.469 ± 4.012 | 3.074 ± 0.115 | 7.076 ± 0.890 |
| DMSO (negative control) | - | - | 8.373 ± 0.076 |
DPPH—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay; TEAC—Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity; NBT (nitroblue tetrazolium) assays—assessment of capacity to scavenge superoxide anion radicals.