| AA | ascorbic acid |
| ALP | alkaline phosphatase |
| AnxA6 | vertebrate annexin A6 |
| AR-S | Alizarin Red-S |
| β-GP | β-glycerophosphate |
| CPC | cetyl pyridinium chloride |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| FBS | fetal bovine serum |
| HA | hydroxyapatite |
| MVs | matrix vesicles |
| PBS | phosphate-buffered saline |
| Pi | inorganic phosphate |
| pNPP | para-nitro phenyl phosphate |
| PPi | inorganic pyrophosphate |
| SMC | smooth muscle cells |
| TBS | Tris-buffered saline |
| TNAP | tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase |
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