Table 4.
Main isolated compounds and plant-herbal products with anti-aging effects acting on UV-induced signaling pathway changes.
| Plants/Products | Effects | Refs |
|---|---|---|
| Alchemilla mollis | In vitro (NHDF cells) inhibition of AP-1 activation, c-Jun, and c-Fos levels, and increase in Nrf2 pathway | [36] |
| Allium sativum | In vitro (HaCaT cells) inhibition of UV-induced increase in SA-β-gal levels and UV-induced decrease in SIRT1 activity | [49] |
| Andrographis paniculata | In vitro (Human epidermal stem cells) increase VEGF production and upregulation of integrin β1 | [42] |
| Azadirachta indica | In vitro (NHDF cells) downregulation of c-Jun and c-Fos proteins and upregulation of TGF-β | [37] |
| Camelia sinensis | In vitro (HaCat cells) downregulation of HO-1 and upregulation of Nrf2 via phosphorylation of p38 and ERK | [38] |
| Catechin from Leontopodium alpinum | In vitro (HaCaT cells) suppression of p65 (NF-κB) phosphorylation | [73] |
| Kochia scoparia | In vitro (NHDF cells) upregulation of PPAR-γ and PPAR-α | [41] |
| Polysaccharides from Panax ginseng | In vitro (HaCaT cells) decrease UV-induced AP-1 transactivation | [24] |
| Pourthiaea villosa | In vitro (NHDF cells) inhibition of AP-1 activation-related JNK and p38 MAPKs | [51] |
| Rosa multiflora | In vitro (NHDF cells) upregulation of PPAR-γ and PPAR-α | [41] |
| Spatholobus suberectus | In vitro (HaCaT cells) downregulation of NF-κB and AP-1 pathways, inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and p38 | [32] |
| Solanum tuberosum | In vitro (NHDF cells) induction of TGF-β signaling pathway, increment of phosphorylation of Akt and ERk1/2 | [13] |
| Syzygium aromaticum | In vitro (NHDF cells) reduction of AP-1 signaling pathway via reduction in c-Jun and c-Fos levels, suppression of NF-κB expression, and upregulation of Nrf2 | [50] |
| Trapa japonica | In vitro (NHDF and HaCaT cells) activation of the TGF-β/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway | [40] |
| Thymus vulgaris | In vitro (3T3-L1 embryonic fibroblasts) upregulation of PPARγ and increase in adiponectin production | [4] |
| Ulmus macrocarpa | In vitro (HDF cells) blockade of JNK and p38 MAPK signaling | [61] |
| Verbascoside from Syringa vulgaris | In vitro (HaCaT cells) suppression of p65 (NF-κB) phosphorylation | [73] |
| Vitis vinifera | In vitro (NHDF cells) induction of SIRT 1 expression | [74] |
| Xanthones from Garcinia mangostana |
In vivo (hairless mice) suppression of UVB-induced phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, P38, and JNK) and downregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α | [19] |
AP-1 = Activator protein 1; ERK = Extracellular signal-regulated kinases; IκB-α = Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B; JNK = c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; NF-κB = Factor nuclear kappa B; Nrf2 = Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2; PPAR = Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor; SA-β-gal = Senescence-associated β-galactosidase; SIRT = Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog; TβR = TGF-β receptor; TGF-β1 = Transforming growth factor-β1; VEGF = Vascular endothelial growth factor.