Table 4.
Percentages of abnormal values in different biomarkers in subgroups with different patterns of alcohol consumption. P values refer to trends in distribution of observations.
| Average Level of Drinking | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate | Heavy | |||||
| Drinking Pattern | Drinking Pattern | |||||
| Men | Regular | Binge | Regular | Binge | p | |
| % | % | % | % | |||
| GGT ≥ 60 U/L | wine | 13.5 | 21.3 | 27.9 | 34.1 | <0.001 |
| beer | 12.2 | 16.6 | 33.3 | 33.3 | <0.001 | |
| spirits | 16.4 | 25.7 | 31.3 | 38.8 | <0.001 | |
| mixed | 11.5 | 22.0 | 29.6 | 32.2 | <0.001 | |
| ALT ≥ 50 U/L | wine | 8.7 | 14.6 | 20.0 | 14.7 | 0.082 |
| beer | 10.0 | 11.7 | 14.3 | 20.2 | <0.001 | |
| spirits | 11.1 | 13.2 | 19.4 | 27.7 | <0.001 | |
| mixed | 10.9 | 16.9 | 20.0 | 17.9 | 0.037 | |
| Cholesterol ≥ 5 mmol/L | wine | 64.3 | 62.4 | 77.0 | 75.3 | 0.017 |
| beer | 66.0 | 67.1 | 77.2 | 70.1 | 0.004 | |
| spirits | 71.1 | 73.3 | 83.3 | 76.9 | 0.019 | |
| mixed | 73.5 | 72.0 | 72.2 | 70.1 | 0.311 | |
| HDL ≤ 1 mmol/L | wine | 15.9 | 12.1 | 16.4 | 2.4 | 0.003 |
| beer | 17.8 | 12.1 | 10.4 | 8.6 | <0.001 | |
| spirits | 19.0 | 17.0 | 21.9 | 10.7 | 0.012 | |
| mixed | 17.2 | 9.5 | 13.9 | 11.7 | 0.024 | |
| LDL ≥ 3 mmol/L | wine | 59.3 | 63.8 | 64.3 | 65.5 | 0.244 |
| beer | 64.4 | 60.7 | 68.7 | 63.5 | 0.969 | |
| spirits | 68.6 | 68.0 | 68.5 | 70.4 | 0.710 | |
| mixed | 70.6 | 67.7 | 74.6 | 61.1 | 0.097 | |
| Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L | wine | 31.0 | 35.5 | 39.3 | 28.2 | 0.732 |
| beer | 32.1 | 32.6 | 43.3 | 36.3 | 0.003 | |
| spirits | 37.1 | 39.9 | 45.8 | 44.6 | 0.017 | |
| mixed | 34.4 | 32.5 | 33.9 | 44.9 | 0.016 | |
| CRP ≥ 3mg/L | wine | 14.7 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 9.6 | 0.854 |
| beer | 15.2 | 15.6 | 20.3 | 23.3 | <0.001 | |
| spirits | 20.0 | 24.0 | 31.3 | 33.2 | <0.001 | |
| mixed | 17.2 | 19.4 | 18.9 | 18.7 | 0.521 | |
| Women | ||||||
| GGT ≥ 40 U/L | wine | 10.8 | 14.5 | 16.0 | 15.6 | 0.005 |
| beer | 8.9 | 11.0 | 21.2 | 25.9 | <0.001 | |
| spirits | 14.7 | 19.0 | 19.4 | 30.2 | 0.011 | |
| mixed | 11.2 | 13.5 | 16.2 | 18.4 | 0.010 | |
| ALT ≥ 35 U/L | wine | 9.3 | 12.0 | 14.7 | 6.4 | 0.511 |
| beer | 8.1 | 4.1 | 11.7 | 16.0 | 0.014 | |
| spirits | 11.1 | 21.7 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 0.612 | |
| mixed | 8.4 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 6.5 | 0.807 | |
| Cholesterol ≥ 5 mmol/L | wine | 63.0 | 53.0 | 72.1 | 57.4 | 0.435 |
| beer | 59.0 | 48.5 | 70.0 | 46.0 | 0.396 | |
| spirits | 67.2 | 64.3 | 62.7 | 65.1 | 0.506 | |
| mixed | 67.0 | 56.8 | 63.0 | 55.2 | 0.026 | |
| HDL ≤ 1.2 mmol/L | wine | 11.6 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 6.6 | 0.007 |
| beer | 12.9 | 11.0 | 8.5 | 10.1 | 0.036 | |
| spirits | 14.7 | 19.0 | 14.9 | 11.6 | 0.787 | |
| mixed | 10.1 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 1.1 | 0.062 | |
| LDL ≥ 3 mmol/L | wine | 54.0 | 35.4 | 61.1 | 48.4 | 0.936 |
| beer | 52.4 | 40.2 | 53.2 | 37.1 | 0.005 | |
| spirits | 61.1 | 44.1 | 39.6 | 52.8 | 0.015 | |
| mixed | 57.6 | 29.0 | 53.0 | 48.6 | 0.079 | |
| Triglycerides ≥ 1.7 mmol/L | wine | 14.6 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 14.8 | 0.982 |
| beer | 13.9 | 12.5 | 19.1 | 19.6 | 0.006 | |
| spirits | 17.9 | 11.9 | 22.4 | 37.2 | 0.009 | |
| mixed | 13.5 | 5.4 | 15.3 | 13.8 | 0.670 | |
| CRP ≥ 3mg/L | wine | 20.8 | 19.5 | 18.6 | 14.9 | 0.097 |
| beer | 17.4 | 14.2 | 25.2 | 21.8 | 0.007 | |
| spirits | 24.9 | 37.5 | 23.9 | 37.2 | 0.154 | |
| mixed | 19.6 | 10.8 | 23.7 | 20.7 | 0.321 | |
For abbreviations, see Table 2.