Table 5.
Use of exosomes as drug carriers in various diseases adopted with kind permission from reference [35].
| Drug | Type of Drug | Disease Model | Therapeutic Effect | Exosomes Origin | Drug Loading Method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paclitaxel | Small molecule drug | Autologous prostate cancer | Enhanced drug cytotoxicity to cancer cells | Prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) | Co-incubation | [164] |
| SiRNA | Genetic substances | Alzheimer’s disease | Specific gene knockdown after specific siRNA delivery to the brain | Dendritic cells (gene engineered to express Lamp2b) | Electroporation | [166] |
| Paclitaxel | Small molecule drug | Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | Inhibited growth of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell | Mesenchymal stromal cells | Co-incubation | [167] |
| Curcumin | Small molecule drug | Lipopolysaccharide-induced shock | Enhanced anti-inflammatory activity | Mouse lymphoma cell (EL-4) and RAW 264.7 cells | Direct mixing | [168] |
| Doxorubicin | Small molecule drug | Breast cancer | Specific drug delivery to the tumor site and inhibited tumor growth | Immature mouse dendritic cells transfected with the vector expressing iRGD-Lamp2b fusion proteins | Electroporation | [169] |
| Paclitaxel | Small molecule drug | Cancer with multiple drug resistance (MDR) | Overcome MDR cancer in vitro and in vivo | RAW 264.7 cells | Sonication | [170] |
| Paclitaxel | Small molecule drug | Pulmonary metastases | Reduced pulmonary metastases in vitro and in vivo | RAW 264.7 cells | Sonication | [171] |
| Curcumin | Small molecule drug | Brain tumor and autoimmune encephalitis | Inhibited brain inflammation and delayed brain tumor growth | Tumor cells (GL26-Luc, BV2, 3T3L1, 4T1, CT26, A20 and EL-4) | Direct mixing | [172] |
| Dopamine | Small molecule drug | Parkinson’s disease | Enhanced therapeutic effect due to brain-specific drug delivery | Kunming mice blood | Co-incubation | [173] |
| miRNA | Genetic substances | Glioblastoma tumor | Provide diagnostic information | Glioblastoma cells | Transfection | [174] |
| miRNA | Genetic substances | Ischemia kidney injury | Protected kidney function and reduced kidney injury | Human cord blood endothelial colony-forming cells | Transfection | [175] |
| Signal regulatory protein α | Protein | Tumor | Enhanced phagocytosis of tumor cells | HEK293T cells | Transfection | [176] |
| Curcumin | Small molecule drug | Glioma | Improved targeted imaging and therapeutic effect | RAW 264.7 cells | Electroporation | [177] |
| Spherical nucleic acids | Genetic substances | Prostate cancer | 3000-fold enhanced knockdown of miR-21 | PC-3 cells | Naturally encased | [178] |